The underlying theory of electrostatics, relating electric field strength, charge, and electrical forces, is summarized. The relationships between electrical forces, droplet size, and motion in liquid–liquid systems are discussed. The mechanisms controlling single charged drop size and motion are reviewed from relevant literature, demonstrating good prediction of drop size and motion trajectory. The phenomenon of electrostatic dispersion and interfacial disruption is discussed with a summary of cloud modeling techniques that enable theoretical description of drop number and size distribution to be performed. Theory of drop behavior is extended to describe mass transfer and reaction kinetics in liquid–liquid systems. The impact of interfacial disturbance, which is enhanced in the presence of electrical fields, is considered in some detail with presentation of the controlling relationships. Navier–Stokes and continuity equations are adapted to include terms for electrical field influence on interfacial tension and interfacial flows resulting from heterogeneous charge distribution. The chapter concludes with a brief summary of potential industry applications.