Chapter 10 summarizes the book’s principles and discusses future research directions.

Chapter 1 presents the objectives of the book, which blends a traditional monograph with topics of contemporary interest and an analysis of attitude and behavior change in real and virtual contexts. Definitions and a overview of the theory are presented.

Chapter 9 discusses how messages designed with the intent of influencing behavior and behavioral interventions are successful when they influence factors in the person and the situation that ultimately make those programs actionable. Actionability is the probability that the message or intervention communicates or enables performance of behavioral recommendations . First, a message or behavioral intervention can stimulate the cognitive, motivational, or behavioral processes that ultimately make the individual perform the recommended behavior. Second, it can promote behavioral recommendations that fit within the world in which potential actors live. These factors and relevant data are discussed.

Chapter 4 explores the implications of Chapters 1, 2, and 3 for genomic research specifically. Increasingly, it is not only the biological samples of human pathogens that are vital for development of medicines, diagnostics, and vaccines, but genetic sequencing data (GSD). While obtaining GSD used to be slow and costly, it is now fast and declining rapidly in price. The effect of these trends are to make more genetic information available, about more people, in more parts of the world. While this problem was long anticipated and prepared for in richer countries – e.g. the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act in the U.S. – there is little or no infrastructure for managing genetic findings in many low- and middle-income countries. Ben Berkman, faculty at the National Institutes’ of Health Office of Bioethics, and Haley Sullivan, at the Duke Margolis Center for Health Policy, survey the risks to research participants and the ethical and practical obligations of researchers to protect genetic information in low- and middle-income countries.