This loosely argued manifesto contains some suggestions regarding what the philosophy of religion might become in the twenty-first century. It was written for a brainstorming workshop over a decade ago, and some of the recommendations and predictions it contains have already been partly actualized (that’s why it is now a bit "untimely"). The goal is to sketch three aspects of a salutary “liturgical turn” in philosophy of religion. (Note: “liturgy” here refers very broadly to communal religious service and experience generally, not anything specifically “high church.”) The first involves the attitudes that characterize what I call the “liturgical stance" towards various doctrines. The second focuses on the “vested” propositional objects of those attitudes. The third looks at how those doctrines are represented, evoked, and embodied in liturgical contexts. My untimely rallying-cry is that younger philosophers of religion might do well to set aside debates regarding knowledge and justified belief, just as their elders set aside debates regarding religious language. When we set aside knowledge in this way, we make room for discussions of faith that in turn shed light on neglected but philosophically interesting aspects of lived religious practice.

In this chapter, we describe the most important policy evaluation criteria that can be used to choose the appropriate mix of energy and climate policy instruments. We give space to economic efficiency, effectiveness, macroeconomic effects, equity, acceptability, enforceability, and administrative practicability. In the second part of the chapter, we present a simple overview of the most important economic models that can be used to estimate the impact of the introduction of energy and climate policy measures, such as applied general equilibrium models and integrated assessment models. Further, we provide a short introduction to some policy evaluation methods such as randomised controlled trials, difference-in-difference, and regression discontinuity designs that can be used to evaluate policy effectiveness.

Because they touch upon our inner emotions constitutions can be important vectors for legitimacy (of the political and/or legal system they govern). Like constitutions, legitimacy is a belief we have in and attribute to a (political, legal, etc.) system. The chapter shows how legitimacy and the acceptance of authority work.

This chapter explains the interventions that are used to repair and strengthen relationships. It starts with a description of common evidence-based therapeutic interventions, including forms of behavioral couple therapy and emotionally focused couple therapy. Then it reviews the evidence supporting short-term and long-term benefits of therapeutic interventions to improve relationship functioning. The second half of this chapter reviews educational interventions that can strengthen relationships and keep them from becoming distressed, including PREP, a widely used and adapted couple relationship education program. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how therapeutic and educational interventions can be strengthened by increasing their accessibility and by adapting them for minority (e.g., same-sex) couples.

This chapter focusses on the importance of conspicuous generosity to the emperors and their heirs. Euergetism describes a performed relationship between rulers and ruled, where exchanges of goods, money, and clout are transacted. The expectation of such generosity is important for the stability and legitimacy of an emperor’s reign, which makes the question of succession a secondary focus of this chapter: how did the Roman emperor secure the future legitimacy of his position?

This chapter deals with the formation of contracts under the civil code and shows that the process is effectively the same as in Western legal systems, requiring an offer and a corresponding acceptance, as well as common intention among the parties.

Change is inevitable. We have a choice: we can either act to maintain control as much as possible during change, or we can let changes occur to us, which leads to pain and loss of independence. This chapter defines strategies for Adaptability. Be realistic. Don’t be fearful of slowing down. Collect information on resources designed for older adults. Join support groups. Volunteer. Engage in social events. Take advantage of digital world to communicate with family. Learn to use new gadgets. Ask for help. Don’t wait for red flags. Research transportation options. Realize early when you need more help. Make your home or apartment safe. View adapting as an opportunity to discover new things about yourself.

Each of the individuals considered in the book had a different relationship to landscape. This reflected the varying circumstances, situations, events and influences (including cultural influences) that shaped their lives. Despite these contrasts, it is possible to identify four broad groupings. Adherers like Hallam and Cresswell were motivated by a passionate need to maintain their connection with a cherished past. Rural landscapes associated with this past served as a guarantee of its continuity. Withdrawers such as Dickinson and Spear Smith sought to escape from an oppressive present, be that family tensions and social prejudice as in Dickinson’s case, or Spear Smith’s vocational difficulties. Restorers turned to the countryside as a place in which they could reconnect with and re-energize belief systems that had been challenged, disrupted or pushed aside by personal exigencies or professional demands – medical practice for Johnston and probation work for Bissell. Finally, Explorers like Barmes and Catley valued rural landscapes above all as sites of self-discovery and self-development.

This chapter examines how a state becomes a party to a treaty, including signature, initialling and ratification, where applicable. Whether a state can participate in a multilateral treaty depends on the terms of the treaty. The practice of the Council of Europe is examined. Signature may express consent to be bound but often signature will be subject to ratification. Ratification is the international act whereby a state establishes on the international plane its consent to be bound. It is to be distinguished from the domestic process which enables a state to ratify. Advice is given on the form and content of an instrument of ratification. A state may also consent to be bound by acceptance, approval or accession. Accession is primarily the means by which a state may become a party if it is unable to sign the treaty. The chapter also examines rights and obligations prior to entry into force, the possibility of withdrawing consent to be bound, and the ways in which treaties might be developed.

In Chapter 10, we analyze how mental illness impacted selfhood and how aspects of the self were narrated with well-being. Our participants shared stories reflecting an ill self with chaos, division, and lack of self-care; a negative self; and a self that was different, unable to live a “normal” life. They voiced a loss of previous self and imagined a future that was uncertain and bleak, with decline and relapse lurking at the edge. Grounded in these subthemes, identity conclusions such as “I am out of control” and “my illness will shatter my dreams” may move to the forefront of narrative identity, hindering personal recovery. Some participants also evidenced subthemes concerning how mental illness had changed them in positive ways, focusing on insight and strengths. When they storied well-being into their identities, this included subthemes revolving around themselves as agentic, growing, accepting, and valued as well as future selves reflecting hopes and dreams. From these subthemes, identity conclusions like “I can change my life for the better” and “I can learn” may sprout. Reconstructing narrative identity to cope with the costs of mental illness, while vitalizing adaptive aspects of the self may be central to personal recovery.

In Chapter 9, we unfold subthemes within the superordinate theme of relationships. When our participants constructed their narrative identities, they emphasized how mental illness had strained and ruptured relationships, that others did not understand or stigmatized them, and how they withdrew and felt lonely. These subthemes carry toxic identity conclusions, including “I am a burden” and “I am alone” and capture narrative identity processes involved in social alienation and self-stigmatization. Although rarer, storylines of positive impact included empathy with others in difficult circumstances and growth of relationships with adaptive identity conclusions including “I can help others in pain,” which may propel individuals to engage in peer support, one aspect of personal recovery. When our participants narrated well-being into their identities, they expanded on subthemes where other people were depicted as supportive, understanding, and helping. They shared stories about acceptance, feeling valued, togetherness, safety and stability, the possibility of giving to others, and love. These subthemes can give rise to positive identity conclusions, encompassing “I can love, and others can love me” and “I can help and support others,” narrative underpinnings of connectedness and positive identity, which are central to personal recovery.

We show how to create an informational norm that constrains the use of proxies in AI-driven surveillance. The norm creates privacy in public by implementing conditions on the flow of information that controls the use of that information as proxy variables There are a variety of possible conditions. The task is to choose one that implements an acceptable tradeoff between informational privacy and information processing. The norm we propose ensures that the use of proxies is fair and to that extent implements an acceptable tradeoff between informational privacy and information processing. There is, of course, more to finding such a tradeoff than just ensuring that the use of proxies is fair, and the process we describe creates a forum for addressing tradeoff issues in general.