Management is the only window to incentive bargaining. The result of the incentive bargaining, filtered by management’s own incentive, determines the direction of managing the firm. Chapter 3 categorizes managerial incentives into power-related, reputational, and monetary incentives, and compares the characteristics of managerial incentives in the three countries. For US management, monetary incentives are the most important among the three categories. For Japanese management, the monetary incentive is not the priority but is subordinated to power-related and reputational incentives. In China, managerial incentives are different in SOEs and POEs. For SOE management, monetary compensation is not so important, but political rank is more important, which is accompanied by monetary rewards. For POE management, monetary incentives are important, and stock options are widely used. At the same time, the political network is important to POE management, and POE management cares about its reputation in the party-state as well.

A significant percentage of listed companies are under the influence of founding families by stock ownership and/or family managers, even in developed countries, including the United States. In the United States, when the founders retire, they tend to hire professional managers and sell out their shares. In Japan, approximately 50% of listed companies are family firms, many of which are managed by founders’ heirs without substantial family ownership. In China, although family firms are relatively new because Chinese law traditionally prohibited private enterprises, family firms have grown rapidly since the transformation from a planned to a market-oriented economy in 1978. Generally speaking, founder firms’ performance is significantly better than that of non-family firms in most countries, but heir-managing firms’ performance varies in different countries. Prevalent types of listed family firms and their relative performance to non-family firms reflect minority shareholder protection law, the size of the manager market, and the corporate governance practice of each country.

This is a book focusing on a comparative analysis of business systems primarily involving and surrounding the firms/enterprises across three leading economies in the world, that is, the United States, China, and Japan. The book will discuss one basic question: how does law matter to business practice, together with the markets and social norms of each jurisdiction? The book’s framework is as follows: the firm acts as a forum for incentive bargaining among four major participants: management and employees as human capital providers, creditors, and shareholders as monetary capital providers. Each participant will bargain with each other to maximize its own payoff based on exogenous factors: the situation of various markets (products, labor, intellectual property rights, and capital), social norms (e.g., shareholder value maximization model and stakeholder model), and enterprise law. This book will include the government as the fifth player of this game in the sense that the government provides indispensable resources (physical, social, and legal infrastructures) to the firm, shares the pie via tax revenue, and bargains with the other four players.

This chapter discusses the diagnostic evaluation, physical examination, initial diagnostic formulation, investigations, and management of individuals with cognitive and/or behavioral changes. It emphasizes the importance of obtaining a comprehensive history from the patient and an informant, as well as conducting a thorough physical examination. The chapter also provides sample questions for assessing different cognitive domains and lists clues that suggest a non-Alzheimer’s disease etiology of cognitive/behavioral changes. It suggests various diagnostic studies and consultations that may be necessary for each patient. The document highlights the principles of management, including treating reversible causes, minimizing psychoactive medications, promoting regular sleep and exercise, and providing caregiver support. It also discusses the availability of pharmacologic therapies and the importance of providing information and support to families facing dementia-related issues.

Drawing from ca dao vùng mỏ (the lesser-known writings of anonymous Vietnamese miners), the vibrant Vietnamese print press of the 1930s, and other archival sources, this chapter offers insights into the internal workings of large-scale coal mining enterprises, which were founded on racial, professional, and gendered power structures. In addition, this chapter describes the formation of a strong oppositional and distinctive Vietnamese miner subculture, forged both within and beyond the mines. Outside the mines, far from company surveillance, miners engaged in collective acts, such as theft, fraud, and illicit recreational activities, such as opium smoking, gambling, and smuggling, to supplement their wage income or to simply decompress after a hard day at work in the company of their workmates. The relative autonomy and strength of this miner subculture reveal the failure of the internal working regime of coal mining companies to impose uniform working patterns on their employees. Instead, workers banded together and utilized their networks and autonomous culture to contest and exploit the limitations in French labor management for their own personal gains.

Chapter 7 addresses the challenges of water supply during floods focusing on flood relief/emergency relief operations settings rather than well-organised urban ones. The chapter outlines principles for planning, source identification, water development and quality control in emergency flood situations. It explores key aspects like potable water availability, including quantity, quality, sources, accessibility and reliability. The care and preparation of water supply systems from various sources are discussed, along with emergency preparedness, treatment plant operation, chemical conservation, water testing, bacteriological tests, and disinfection methods. The chapter concludes with insights into water purification techniques and overall management of water supply and quality issues during flood emergencies.

This chapter provides an overview of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in children and young people. The definition and classification of NDDs is discussed, including key differences between ICD-10 and ICD-11 and the problematic use of language in diagnostic classifications, which is at odds with the social model of disability. Important stages of a multidisciplinary assessment of NDDs include a detailed developmental history, a psychosocial history, observation of the child, an assessment of the child’s communication and learning and supplementary rating scales. The role of professionals such as Community Paediatricians, Speech and Language Therapists, Occupational Therapists, teachers and Educational Psychologists is highlighted. Features of the main NDDs are outlined, including Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Specific Disorders of Development and Language and Tic disorders. Finally, an overview of treatment approaches and their evidence base is explored.

Chapter 42 covers the topic of rapid eye movement sleep (REM) sleep behaviour disorder. Through a case vignette with topical MCQs for consolidation of learning, readers are brought through the management of patients with the above disorder from first presentation to subsequent complications of the condition and its treatment. Topics covered include diagnosis, differential diagnoses, restless leg syndrome, stages of sleep.

Chapter 24 covers the topic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual developmental disorder. Through a case vignette with topical MCQs for consolidation of learning, readers are brought through the diagnosis to management of a patient with ASD. Topics covered include symptoms and diagnosis of autism, Asperger’s syndrome, common co-morbidities, intellectual developmental disorder, risk factors, pharmacological and non-pharamacological management of autism.

Chapter 13 covers the topic of trichotillomania and excoriation disorder. Through a case vignette with topical MCQs for consolidation of learning, readers are brought through the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with trichotillomania and excoriation disorder. topics covered inlcude diagnosis, co-morbidities and management.

Chapter 12 covers the topic of body dysmorphic disorder. Through a case vignette with topical MCQs for consolidation of learning, readers are brought through the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with body dysmorphic disorder. topics covered inlcude diagnosis, differential diagnoses, co-morbidities, risk assesment and management.

Chapter 14 covers the topic of hoarding disorder. Through a case vignette with topical MCQs for consolidation of learning, readers are brought through the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with hoarding disorder. Topics covered include diagnosis, risk factors, etiology, pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of hoarding disorder.