The chapter explores the question of whether AI can create great art. It highlights the achievements of AI in generating images, writing plays, and even creating music and 3D objects. The definition of art is discussed, focusing on creativity, originality, and technical skill. The passage presents arguments for and against AI-generated art being considered true art. Critics argue that AI lacks creativity, understanding of its audience, the ability to break free from its training, genuine emotion, and an interpersonal human experience. The absence of intent, a subconscious, and an artist in the traditional sense are also cited as limitations. However, proponents of AI-generated art argue that people often cannot distinguish between AI and human-created art, and algorithms are not qualitatively different from established artistic practices. The chapter discusses various tests, such as the creative Turing test, criterion-based tests, the Lovelace test, and the suggestion to assess AI’s art over the long term. The pragmatic considerations of copyright and royalties, potential impacts on human artists’ livelihoods, and the devaluation of human creativity are explored. The passage concludes by presenting the option for artists to collaborate with AI, seeing it as a tool that can expand possibilities rather than as a threat.

Frame Semantics is foundational to Construction Grammar in both chronological and conceptual terms. Originally developed by Charles J. Fillmore in the late 1970s to 1980s as a theory of semantics that prioritizes language users’ human experience, it views the meaning of linguistic elements in terms of a network of empirical information, which, in turn, motivates the concept represented by the linguistic elements. The theory laid a rich foundation for a variety of approaches associated with Construction Grammar and remains an intellectual resource for further research developments. This chapter focuses on the seminal ideas of Frame Semantics, further advanced in relation to Construction Grammar and the FrameNet project. After an overview of the theory, a variety of frame concepts (e.g., cognitive frame, interactional frame, and linguistic frame) are discussed. We then turn to how frames can effectively explain grammatical ‘well-formedness’ as illustrated by two case studies that were conducted on the path from Frame Semantics to the establishment of Construction Grammar. The last section discusses implications and prospects for the theory of Frame Semantics.