Futile treatment is defined as maintenance of organ function without achieving meaningful goals of care. Poland is characterized by low prevalence of introducing limitations of treatment in intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of the study was to conduct a questionnaire study to evaluate the approach of Polish medical personnel to futile treatment in the ICUs.

We conducted an anonymous questionnaire study during a national intensive care conference in April 2023. We collected data on participants’ experiences with limiting futile treatment and their demographics. Statistical analysis comparing the responses between respondents with shorter (less than 10 years) or longer (10 years or more) work experience was conducted with a chi-squared test with residual analysis and Bonferroni correction.

354 respondents completed the questionnaire. Most participants (94.5%) found discussing end-of-life care with patients important. Additionally, 81.6% believed that the medical personnel should be more decisive than the patient’s family regarding end-of-life care decisions. While 81% were aware of the existence of futile treatment protocol, only 35% used it regularly. Fear of legal consequences (61.9%) or family’s reaction (55.6%) were the most common reasons for not adhering to existing guidelines. Improving hospital procedures (83.6%) and proper legislation (67.2%) were commonly suggested measures to improve end-of-life care. Respondents with shorter work experience more often reported no awareness of futile treatment protocol (28.7% vs. 6.9%, p < 0.001) as well as no experience discussing treatment limitations with patients (24.6% vs. 8.2%, p < 0.001) or their families (20.0% vs. 3.8%) compared to the clinicians with longer work experience.

Despite widespread recognition of the unethical nature of futile treatment, it remains controversial among Polish ICU clinicians. Improvement of legislation and hospital procedures could contribute to improvement of clinicians’ and patients’ well-being when facing end-of-life care decisions.