This chapter explores the dynamic interplay between the United States and Russia during the American Civil War and its aftermath, highlighting how mutual reforms and geopolitical interests shaped their relationship. As Russia aligned with the Union, both nations undertook significant transformations: the emancipation of serfs in Russia (1861) and the abolition of slavery in the United States (1865). These parallel reforms fostered camaraderie, leading to diplomatic engagement, including the sale of Alaska in 1867, personal travels, and cultural exchanges, such as Grand Duke Alexis’ visit and Russian participation in the 1876 Centennial Exhibition. Key figures in both countries nurtured these ties, while military cooperation during the Russo-Turkish War further solidified their friendship. However, emerging contradictions in perceptions, particularly regarding race and social justice, highlighted the complexities of their relationship. By reconciling narratives of self-interest and solidarity, this chapter elucidates how state interests and identity discourses influenced interpretations of Russian and American actions, shaping their evolving bilateral relations.