Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease that may have a negative impact on both patients’ quality of life and survival. Patients with COPD frequently suffer from heart failure (HF), likely owing to several shared risk factors.

To evaluate the differences in treatment of COPD with and without HF comorbidity according to COPD severity in the general practitioner setting.

We conducted an observational, retrospective study using data obtained from the Italian Health Search Database, which collects information generated by the routine activity of general practitioners. The study sample included 225 patients with COPD, alone or combined with HF.

It has been found that the prevalence of some comorbidities such as diabetes and HF significantly increases with the severity of COPD. Regarding pharmacological treatment, a reduction in the prescription of individually administered long-acting β 2-agonists (LABAs) and long-acting anticholinergics (LAMAs) has been observed with increasing severity of the disease. Moreover, an increase in the prescription of both the combination of the two bronchodilators (LABA + LAMA) and their association with inhaled corticosteroids has been observed with increasing severity of COPD. The prescription of β-blockers in patients with COPD suffering from HF comorbidity decreases from 100% in stage I to less than 50% in the other stages of COPD. This study shows that general practitioners do not follow the guidelines recommendations for the management of patients with COPD in the different stages of the disease, with and without HF comorbidity, as well as in the management of HF. Further efforts must be made to ensure adequate treatment for these patients.