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Le trouble schizophrénique se subdivise, en signes positifs et négatifs. Les symptômes négatifs (S−) sont hétérogènes, reflétant à la fois les symptômes intrinsèques à la schizophrénie, des symptômes résultant d’une dépression concomitante ou distraction en raison des symptômes positifs. Récemment, certains facteurs de risque génétiques impliqués dans la persistance des (S−) sont étudiés, notamment la mutation C677T du gène MTHFR.
Patients et méthodes
Notre étude a porté sur 60 patients schizophrènes recrutés au service de psychiatrie à l’hôpital militaire principal d’instruction de Tunis. La mutation C677T du gène MTHFR a été étudiée par la technique PCR-RFLP. La digestion enzymatique a été effectuée avec Hinf1.
Résultats et discussion
Notre étude a révélé que le génotype CT est statistiquement significatif (Δ2 = 15,15, p = 0,001). Ainsi, le génotype CT semble prédisposer à la persistance des (S−) chez les schizophrènes. Ceci peut être expliqué par le rôle que joue le gène MTHFR qui code pour l’enzyme indispensable à la réduction de l’acide folique afin d’être métaboliquement actif. Le folate actif étant impliqué dans la synthèse des neurotransmetteurs notamment la sérotonine, son déficit induit la persistance des (S−).
Conclusion
La mutation C677T semble jouer un rôle dans l’étiopathologie de la schizophrénie. Il est nécessaire de mieux l’appréhender afin de mettre en place de nouvelles stratégies de prise en charge de la maladie.
To examine the prevalence of the C677T polymorphism of the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and the A2756G polymorphism of methionine synthase (MS), and their impact on antidepressant response.
Methods
We screened 224 subjects (52% female, mean age 39 ± 11 years) with SCID-diagnosed major depressive disorder (MDD), and obtained 194 genetic samples. 49 subjects (49% female, mean age 36 ± 11 years) participated in a 12-week open clinical trial of fluoxetine 20–60 mg/day. Association between clinical response and C677T and A2756G polymorphisms, folate, B12, and homocysteine was examined.
Results
Prevalence of the C677T and A2756G polymorphisms was consistent with previous reports (C/C = 41%, C/T = 47%, T/T = 11%, A/A = 66%, A/G = 29%, G/G = 4%). In the fluoxetine-treated subsample (n = 49), intent-to-treat (ITT) response rates were 47% for C/C subjects and 46% for pooled C/T and T/T subjects (nonsignificant). ITT response rates were 38% for A/A subjects and 60% for A/G subjects (nonsignificant), with no subjects exhibiting the G/G homozygote. Mean baseline plasma B12 was significantly lower in A/G subjects compared to A/A, but folate and homocysteine levels were not affected by genetic status. Plasma folate was negatively associated with treatment response.
Conclusion
The C677T and A2756G polymorphisms did not significantly affect antidepressant response. These preliminary findings require replication in larger samples.
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