Recent research highlights the dynamics of suicide risk, resulting in a shift toward real-time methodologies, such as ecological momentary assessment (EMA), to improve suicide risk identification. However, EMA’s reliance on active self-reporting introduces challenges, including participant burden and reduced response rates during crises. This study explores the potential of Screenomics—a passive digital phenotyping method that captures intensive, real-time smartphone screenshots—to detect suicide risk through text-based analysis.

Seventy-nine participants with past-month suicidal ideation or behavior completed daily EMA prompts and provided smartphone data over 28 days, resulting in approximately 7.5 million screenshots. Text from screenshots was analyzed using a validated dictionary encompassing suicide-related and general risk language.

Results indicated significant associations between passive and active suicidal ideation and suicide planning with specific language patterns. Detection of words related to suicidal thoughts and general risk-related words strongly correlated with self-reported suicide risk, with distinct between- and within-person effects highlighting the dynamic nature of suicide risk factors.

This study demonstrates the feasibility of leveraging smartphone text data for real-time suicide risk detection, offering a scalable, low-burden alternative to traditional methods. Findings suggest that dynamic, individualized monitoring via passive data collection could enhance suicide prevention efforts by enabling timely, tailored interventions. Future research should refine language models and explore diverse populations to extend the generalizability of this innovative approach.

Treatment of childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors can lead to sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), with prior research indicating associations between SNHL and cognitive difficulties. Infants (0-3 years) treated for CNS tumors are at particular risk for neurocognitive deficits due to increased vulnerability of the developing brain and missed developmental opportunities secondary to prolonged treatment. This study expands upon existing research by examining the association between treatment-related SNHL and later neurocognitive outcomes among infants.

Serial audiology and neurocognitive assessments were conducted as part of a prospective, multisite, longitudinal trial (SJYC07). Children with newly diagnosed CNS tumors were treated with chemotherapy, with or without focal proton or photon radiation therapy (RT). SNHL was dichotomized based on hearing in the better ear as present versus not present (Chang grade ≥1a vs. <1a). Neurocognitive assessments included intellectual functioning (IQ), and parent ratings of executive functioning and behavioral functioning. Demographic and clinical variables investigated included: sex, age at diagnosis (years), treatment type (chemotherapy only vs. chemotherapy + RT), risk group (low vs. intermediate vs. high), and socioeconomic status (SES, continuous). Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with SNHL. Change point longitudinal models were used to examine the effect of each covariate individually and the potential impact of SNHL on trajectories of neurocognitive outcomes.

Of 135 patients (median age at diagnosis= 1.5 years), 67% had mild-to-severe SNHL as defined by Chang grade ≥1a at last follow-up. SNHL occurred early after treatment with a 1-year cumulative incidence 63.0% ±4.3%. SNHL was associated with age at diagnosis (p <.001) but not sex, treatment exposure or study risk arm (p >.10). At pretreatment baseline, IQ was associated with age at diagnosis (older age= higher IQ) and SES (higher SES= higher IQ) with a change in the trajectory of IQ after SNHL (stable prior to SNHL and declined 1.46 points/year after SNHL), which was impacted by tumor location (patients with supratentorial tumors stable prior to SNHL and declined 2.84 points/year after SNHL; whereas, patients with infratentorial tumors increased 1.93 points/year prior to SNHL and were stable after SNHL). At pre-treatment baseline, adaptive functioning was associated with age at diagnosis (older age= higher skills) with a change in adaptive functioning after SNHL that varied by age. There was a change in trajectory of attention problems (stable before SNHL and worsening 1.39 points/year after SNHL). SNHL was not associated with parent report of emerging executive functioning.

Children with brain tumors experience SNHL and cognitive difficulties early in treatment that can worsen over time. Younger age at diagnosis is associated with greater risk for SNHL and cognitive difficulties. Analyses of the time course between the emergence of SNHL and cognitive late effects suggests even mild SNHL is associated with a clinically signficant decline in IQ and attention problems. These findings have notable implications with respect to refining monitoring guidelines, informing modifications to treatment, advocating for interventions, and helping educate parents, teachers, and providers about the significant impact of mild SNHL.

To examine differences in noticing and use of nutrition information comparing jurisdictions with and without mandatory menu labelling policies and examine differences among sociodemographic groups.

Cross-sectional data from the International Food Policy Study (IFPS) online survey.

IFPS participants from Australia, Canada, Mexico, United Kingdom and USA in 2019.

Adults aged 18–99; n 19 393.

Participants in jurisdictions with mandatory policies were significantly more likely to notice and use nutrition information, order something different, eat less of their order and change restaurants compared to jurisdictions without policies. For noticed nutrition information, the differences between policy groups were greatest comparing older to younger age groups and comparing high education (difference of 10·7 %, 95 % CI 8·9, 12·6) to low education (difference of 4·1 %, 95 % CI 1·8, 6·3). For used nutrition information, differences were greatest comparing high education (difference of 4·9 %, 95 % CI 3·5, 6·4) to low education (difference of 1·8 %, 95 % CI 0·2, 3·5). Mandatory labelling was associated with an increase in ordering something different among the majority ethnicity group and a decrease among the minority ethnicity group. For changed restaurant visited, differences were greater for medium and high education compared to low education, and differences were greater for higher compared to lower income adequacy.

Participants living in jurisdictions with mandatory nutrition information in restaurants were more likely to report noticing and using nutrition information, as well as greater efforts to modify their consumption. However, the magnitudes of these differences were relatively small.

Self-harm, including suicide, is common among prisoners. Staff attitudes and perceptions regarding self-harm may affect quality of care and patient safety.

To systematically review the experiences, perceptions and attitudes of staff in adult prisons regarding self-harm.

Systematic searches of EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO and CINAHL databases were conducted, and supplemented by hand-searching and grey literature review, to identify relevant English-language articles published since the year 2000. Articles were screened by two authors and evaluated with standardised quality appraisal tools. Qualitative data were analysed thematically, whereas quantitative data were narratively synthesised because of high study heterogeneity.

Two thousand articles were identified, of which 32 were included, involving 6389 participants from five countries. Most studies were moderate (n = 15) or poor (n = 10) quality, and seven were rated as good quality. Staff frequently witnessed self-harm and described multiple perceived risk factors and causes of this. Perceptions that self-harm is ‘manipulative’ or ‘attention-seeking’ were associated with hostility toward prisoners and lower quality of care. Perceived barriers to preventing and managing self-harm included low staffing levels, prison environments and culture, poor staff confidence and insufficient training. The importance of multidisciplinary teamwork and building staff–prisoner relationships were highlighted. Staff occasionally experienced intense psychological reactions to self-harm, which resulted in adaptive or maladaptive coping that influenced their capacity to care.

There are mixed attitudes and perceptions toward self-harm among prison staff. Further training, support and resources are required to protect staff's well-being and improve self-harm prevention and management in prisons.