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Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 October 2025

Alice Hicklin
Affiliation:
King’s College London
Steffen Patzold
Affiliation:
Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
Bastiaan Waagmeester
Affiliation:
Freie Universität Berlin
Charles West
Affiliation:
University of Edinburgh

Information

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NC
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/
Indices

1 Names

This index contains the names of the medieval people and a select group of modern-day scholars mentioned in this book. Patron saints of churches have been excluded, as these can be found in Index 2. Most names have been provided with brief descriptions of their status, office, family relationship or other characteristics that define them in the source material, to make it easier to identify the right person. On rare occasions, descriptions have not been abbreviated because they occur only once. When different people share the same name, and the descriptors are not distinctive, the names have been provided with an additional number (i.e. Name1, descriptor) to be able to differentiate them. People that are somehow related or connected to priests have the name of the cleric in question behind their own, in parentheses. Page numbers in italics indicate that the indexed reference is found in the footnotes and not in the main body of the text.

Abbreviations

ab. :abbot/abbesscom. :companionhus. :husbandqu. :queen
archid. :archdeaconct. :countkt. :knightsch. :scholar
archiep. :archbishopdau. :daughterlo. :landownersubdea. :subdeacon
br. :brotherdea. :deaconman. :mancipiumsr. :sister
can. :canonemp. :emperormo. :motherrel. :relative
cl. :clericfa. :fatherneph. :nephewunc. :uncle
co. :church ownerepisc. :bishoppresbit:priestwit. :witness
Abbo of Fleury, ab., 28, 144, See also Index 4:hagiography
Abraham of Freising, episc., 6773
Achinus, unc. (Issenbald and Hildegrin) and presbit., 120
Ada, niece and mo., 57
Adacius, son and presbit., 97
Adagardis, com. (Eulard), 112
Adalaxa, com., 4244
Adalbero II of Metz, episc., 31
Adalpert, rel. (Chadalhoch), 73
Ademar of Chabannes, monk, 28, 146, 155, 160, 165, 169
Ademar, neph. and presbit., 124
Ado of Mâcon, episc., 75
Agna, mo. (Maimbert), 99
Aimeric, son, fa. and presbit., 103
Aiminild, mo. (Adacius), 97
Aimo of Fleury, monk, 78
Airad, fa. and presbit., 113
Airald, son (Bernard), 113
Airard, fa. and presbit., 115
Airard, presbit., 152
Albuin, man. (Wezil), 72
Aldebald, neph. (Aldebald), 121
Aldebald, unc. and presbit., 121
Aldebert, son and br. (Isnard), 102
Aldric of Le Mans, episc., 31, See also Index 4:gesta episcoporum
Alfred, co., 84
Amalric, br. (Ebroin), 117
Amatus, can., 107
Amelius, hu. and presbit., 107
Andrew, br. (Arbert), 118
Andrew, fa. and presbit., 111
Anerius, br. (Garsias), unc. (Dato) and presbit., 4042, 44, 122
Ansegis of Fontenelle, ab., See also Index 4:canones
Anshirio, son and presbit., 98
Antricus, presbit., 72
Arbert, br. (Otrannus), 118
Arbert, son (Arnald), br. and presbit., 114, 118
Ardrad, neph. (Milo), 119120
Arembert, fa. (Sibald), 102
Armagnus, son, 112
Arnald Ermefredi, lo., 127
Arnald of Perers, fa. (Aimeric), 103
Arnald, fa. (Arbert) and presbit., 114, 118
Arnald, son (Dato), 110
Arnold, man., 67
Arpert, son and presbit., 97
Arsias Auriolus, neph. (Bergonius), 122
Atto of Vercelli, episc., 5, 39, See also Index 4:episcopal statutes
Augustine of Hippo, episc., 209
Auriol, br. and presbit., 100102
Autger, neph. (Milo), 119120
Avico, chaplain, 32
Belieldis, com. (Bernard), 107
Benedict, ab., 114
Benedict, hu., fa. and presbit., 109
Benedicta, com. (Benedict) and mo., 110
Benedicta, com. (Gosfred), 104
Benedicta, mo. (Sibald), 103
Berengar, fa. (Bernard), 95
Bergonius, unc. (Garsias) and presbit., 122
Bermund, br. and presbit., 4244
Bernard, br. (Arbert), 118
Bernard, fa. and praepositus, 112
Bernard, hu. and presbit., 107
Bernard, presbit., 113
Bernard, son and presbit., 95
Berner, can. and dea., 39
Bernhard of Hildesheim, can., 31
Bernold of Konstanz, monk, 26, See also Index 4:Streitschriften
Bernward of Hildesheim, episc., 144, 161, 170
Bertard, neph. (Durannus) and dea., 117, 123
Bertard, presbit., 152
Bloch, Marc, sch., 4, 5
Boniface, monk, 146
Burchard of Worms, episc., 76, 135, See also Index 4: canones
Burchard, fa., 8385
Caesarius of Arles, archiep., 154, See also Index 4:sermons
Campester, fa. and presbit., 109
Carloman († 754), duke, 176
Chadalhoch, presbit., 73
Charlemagne, emp., 1, 50, 177, 225
Charles of Mainz, archiep., 198
Charles the Bald, king, 162
Chilperic († 584), king, 47
Christina, com. (Durabilis), 108
Constantine, presbit., 97
Constantine, son and br. (Rademund), 95
Constantius, fa. (Stephen 1), 102
Dato, fa. and presbit., 109
Dato, neph. (Anerius), fa., presbit. and monk, 42, 110, 122
Dietrih, presbit., 71
Diotpert, br. (Heriric), 67
Doda, dau. and sr. (Anshirio), 98
Dodo, br. (Raimbertr) and presbit., 93
Donadeus, neph. (Godinus), 121
Dota, mo. (Girbald), 98
Droctramnus, presbit., 150
Dulcisma, mo. (Arpert), 97
Durabilis, hu. and presbit., 108
Durand, presbit., 108
Durand, son (Amelius), 108
Durannus, br., neph., unc. and presbit., 117, 123
Eberhard of Konstanz, episc., 150
Ebroin, presbit., 117
Eicius, See Escius, br.
Ekkebert of Hersfeld, monk, 32
Eldoin, fa., 103
Eldrad, neph. (Otrannus), 118
Ellinpreht, presbit., 70, 71
Engelberga, com. and mo. (Raino), 93
Engilpold, presbit., 71
Eraclius, presbit., 152
Ermengard, mo. (Joszfred), 97
Escius, br. (Auriol), 100102
Escius, son (Auriol), 100102
Eulard, hu. (Adagardis), can. and presbit., 112
Eychard, neph. (Ragenerius) and presbit., 123
Eychard, neph. (Ragenerius) and subdea., 123
Flodmar, hu. and presbit., 108
Folrad, son, 57
Fortus, neph. (Bergonius), 122
Frodobert, fa. and presbit., 114
Froibirg, com. (Richolf), 111
Frothar II of Poitiers, episc., 150152
Fulbert of Chartres, episc., 162
Fulbert, fa. and presbit., 115
Fulcaud, unc. (John) and monk, 124
Fulcher, son, 91
Garsende, dau. (Dato), 110
Garsias, br. (Anerius) and presbit., 40
Garsias, br. and pr., 40
Garsias, neph. (Bergonius) and presbit., 122
Gaston, son, neph. (Saiula) and presbit., 122
Gauffred, neph., 118
Gaufred, son (Gausbert 1), 111
Gaufrid, presbit., 152
Gausbert 1, fa. and presbit., 111
Gausbert 2, fa. and presbit., 127
Gausfred, kt., 80
Gausmar, hu., 80
Geltmar, presbit., 34, 44
Gerald, br. (Aldebald), 121
Gerald, son and presbit., 96
Gerard of Cambrai, episc., 169
Gerbald of Liège, episc., 177, See also Index 4:episcopal statutes
Gerberga, com. (Durand), 108
Gerhard of Augsburg, can., 27, 180
Geruncianus, son (Benedict), 110
Girald, son (Fulbert), 115
Girard, presbit., 118
Girard, unc. (Durannus), 117
Girbald, presbit., 121
Girbald, son and presbit., 99
Girberga, com., 100102
Girbert of Verrines, wit., 103
Girbert, fa. and presbit., 109
Girbert, neph. (Ebroin), 117
Girbold, monk, 75
Girelde, sr. (Durannus), 117
Gisbern, hu. and br. (Bermund), 4244
Godehard of Hildesheim, episc., 166
Godinus, br., unc. and presbit., 121
Goffrid, rel., dean and presbit., 123
Goscelm, son (Aimeric), 103
Gosfred, hu. and presbit., 104
Gottschalk of Freising, episc., 69
Gregory of Catino, monk, 145
Gregory of Tours, episc., 47, 49, See also Index 4:chronicles
Gregory the Great, pope, 132, See also Index 4:decretals, JE 1843
Gregory VII, pope, 1, 5, 49
Gundekar of Eichstätt, episc., 185
Guy, fa. and presbit., 113
Hadarih, presbit., 71
Hadrian I, pope, 26
Haito of Basel, episc., 197, See also Index 4:episcopal statutes
Halitgar of Cambrai, episc., 189, See also Index 4: penitentials
Heilric, br. (Heriric), 67
Heimerad, presbit., 32, See also Index 4:hagiography
Heldrad, unc. (Iterius), 118
Helin, man., 58
Henry I, king, 38
Herard of Tours, archiep., 208209, See also Index 4: episcopal statutes
Hericha, mo. and man., 58
Heriric, br., unc. and presbit., 6771, 149
Hermann of Reichenau, monk, 140
Herveus, son, 83
Hiadbert, neph. (Hiadbert) and presbit., 121
Hiadbert, unc. (Hiadbert) and presbit., 121
Hildegrin, neph. (Achinus) and presbit., 120
Hildibert, hu., 58
Hincmar of Reims, archiep., 160, 163, 186, 192, See also Index 4: episcopal statutes
Hinschius, Paul, sch., 139, 171
Hrabanus Maurus, archiep. of Mainz, 23, 189, 191, 196, See also Index 4
Hubert, fa. and presbit., 115
Hubert, son (Gausbert 2), 127
Hubert, unc. (Ademar) and mo., 124
Hugh of Besançon, archiep., 11
Humbert of Würzburg, episc., 196, See also Index 4: Hrabanus Maurus
Humbert, son (Girbert), 109
Hunfred, son (Ruedrus) and kt., 113
Hunfrid, presbit., 40
Ildebert, hu. and fa. (Raino), 93
Ingelbert, neph. (Maginerius), 121
Ingelon, unc. and presbit., 123
Innocent III, pope, 136
Isanhart, cl., 70
Isidore of Seville, episc., 22, See also Index 4
Islenus, unc. and presbit., 123
Isnard, fa. and presbit., 113
Isnard, son and presbit., 102
Issenbald, neph. (Achinus) and presbit., 120
Iterius, br. and presbit., 127
Iterius, neph. and presbit., 118
John of Gorze, presbit. and ab., 3840, 44, 148, See also Index 4: hagiography
John of St. Arnulf, monk, 38
John, br. (Bermund), 42
John, br. (Girard), 118
John, neph. (Ebroin), 117
John, neph. and presbit., 124
John, unc. and presbit., 127
Josfred, son (Isnard), 113
Joszfred, son and presbit., 97
Juliana, com. and mo. (Gerald), 96
Kisalolt, lo., 67
Kotapolt, lo., 67
Lambert of Freising, episc., 69
Landulf, presbit., 145
Lantrad, man. (Wezil), 72
Lauger, fa. (Isnard), 102
Ledesius, presbit., 152
Ledoin, presbit., 91
Leo I, pope, 25, 144
Leotald, monk, 75
Leotard, draftsman, 98
Leotgardis, com., 80
Leothar, son and fa. (Udalric), 103
Leutard, demoniac, 217
Liuther, son and man., 58
Louis the Pious, emp., 1, 50, 56, 83, 225
Ludolf, layman, 167
Madalbert, presbit., 7172
Maginerius, unc. and presbit., 121
Maimbert, son and presbit., 99
Mainburgis, com. (Frodobert), 114
Mainsindis, com. (Walter) and mo., 114
Matilda, qu., 37, See also Index 4: hagiography
Matrona, lo., 40
Megilo, cl., 67
Meina, man., 58
Meinhard of Bamberg, cl., 164
Meinwerk of Paderborn, episc., 74, See also Index 4: hagiography
Michael, presbit., 145
Milo, neph. (Milo), 119120
Milo, presbit., 119120
Mistui, king, 32
Moyses, son, 84
Nicholas I, pope, 179, See also Index 4: decretals, JE 2710
Nicholas II, pope, 48
Nonia, co., 128
Odilo of Cluny, ab., 6, 121
Odo of Rouen, archiep., 31, 186
Odoline, com. and mo., 127
Onoratus, archid., 135
Oriateus, See Orzateus, br. and fa.
Oriolus, son (Oriolus), 109
Orzateus, br. (Milo) and fa., 119120
Otloh of St. Emmeram, monk, 141, 155, See also Index 4
Otrannus, br. and presbit., 118
Otrannus, neph. (Otrannus), 118
Otto I, emp., 38, 185
Paschal I, pope, 145
Pecili, cl., 73
Perahard, cl., 67
Pero, fa. and man. (Wezil), 72
Pero, neph. (Heriric), 67
Peter Damian, monk, 45, 20, 44, 131, 225
Peter Ismido, lo., 43
Peter, br. (Bermund), 42
Peter, neph. (Richard) and presbit., 122
Peter, presbit., 150
Peter, son (Airad), 113115
Peter, son (Frodobert), 114
Peter, son and presbit., 103
Pippin I († 768), king, 177
Poncius Auriol, See Poncius, neph.
Poncius, neph., 101
Poncius, son (Bernard), 113
Poppo of Stablo, ab., 6
Rademund, son and presbit., 95
Radulf of Bourges, archiep., 55, See also Index 4: episcopal statutes
Radulf, br. (Anerius and Garsias), 40
Ragamfred, br. (Godinus), 121
Ragenerius, unc. and presbit., 123
Raginald, son and br. (Udalric), 103
Raimbert, br. (Dodo) and presbit., 93
Raimund Dalmacii, hu., 43
Raimund, son (Dato), 110
Rainald 1, fa. (Gerald), 96
Rainald 2, fa. (Udalerius), 103
Rainald, presbit., 152
Raino, son and presbit., 93
Rangardis, mo. (Sancius Bernard), 97, 127
Raoul Glaber, monk, 217
Ratbod of Trier, archiep., 55
Rather of Verona, episc., 130, 145, 148, 157, 163, 192
Ratoldus, dea. and can., 69
Raymond, son (Campester), 109
Reginbald of Auxerre, episc., 196, See also Index 4: Hrabanus Maurus
Reginfred, presbit., 71
Regino of Prüm, ab., 16, 5566, 174, See also Index 4: canones
Richard de Crusatis, unc. (Peter) and presbit., 122
Richard of St. Vanne, ab., 6
Richolf, fa. and presbit., 111
Riculf, neph. (Milo), 119120
Rihdac, lo., 58
Rihhar, advocatus, 67
Rihkart, man. (Wezil), 72
Rihker, presbit., 71
Robert, presbit., 126
Robert, son (Hubert) and cl., 115
Robert, son and br. (Gerald), 96
Robert, wit., 107
Rodulf, co., 84
Rodulf, neph. (Ingelon) and cl., 123
Rostagnus, son (Bernard), 113
Rotbald, neph. (Islenus), son and dea., 123
Rotbertus, fa. and presbit., 115
Rotger, son, 57
Rotlannus, son and br. (Gerald), 96
Ruedrus, fa. and presbit., 113
Ruodharius, cl., 69
Ruodheri, dea., 69
Ruoding, son and man., 58
Ruotger of Trier, archiep., 55, 57, See also Index 4: episcopal statutes
Ruotpert of Trier, archiep., 57
Saiula, unc. (Gaston) and presbit., 122
Salomon I of Konstanz, episc., 179
Salomon II of Konstanz, episc., 185
Sancius Bernard, son and presbit., 97, 127
Sancius, br. (Anerius and Garsias), 40
Sancius, neph. (Bergonius), 122
Sancius, son (Dato), 110
Seniofred, fa. and dea., 112
Sibald, son and presbit., 102
Stephen 1, son and presbit., 102
Stephen 2, son (Benedict), 110
Stephen of Trastrada, fa. (Peter), 103
Stephen, fa. and presbit., 111
Stephen, neph. (Stephen) and presbit., 121
Stephen, unc. (Stephen) and presbit., 121
Stutz, Ulrich, sch., 8, 50, 140, 174
Suiniar, son and cl., 96
Susanna, com. (Flormar), 108
Tedelin, son, 112
Teogarde, sr. (Durannus), 117
Teoto, fa. (Anshirio), 98
Teubert, neph. (Girard), 118
Teubert, rel. (Milo), 119120
Teubrannus, lo., 77
Thietmar of Merseburg, episc., 32, See also Index 4: chronicles
Tresuguin, dean, 135
Tructildis, mo., 91
Udalerius, son and presbit., 103
Udalric, son and presbit., 103
Ugbert, fa., 96
Uldeardis, mo. (Bernard), 95
Ulrich of Augsburg, episc., 27, 181, See also Index 4: hagiography
Uogo, ct., 67
Uosprin, man. (Wezil), 72
Uuendilburc, man., 58
Vanzelin, presbit., 167
Virgil, poet, 201
Vuichart, lo., 67
Vuolfheri, lo., 67
Walahfrid Strabo, monk and ab., 182, See also Index 4
Waldier, presbit., 74
Waldman, presbit., 73
Walter, fa. and presbit., 114
Warin, son (Stephen), 111
Warner, co., 3840
Wecil, presbit., 74
Wezil, presbit., 72
Wieldrud, com., 58
Wigpert, st., 3438, See also Index 4: hagiography
William, fa. and can., 112
William, lo., 41
William, son (Airad), 113
William, son (Dato), 110
Wolfgang of Regensburg, episc., 155
Wulfad of Bourges, archiep., 55
Wulfdag, presbit., 74
Wulfhere, can., 167
Zeizmunt, cl., 70

2 Places

This index contains all references to places, regions and bodies of water in this study. Excluded have been descriptors that cover large areas (Europe north of the Alps, Francia, the Ottonian realm, et cetera) and their modern equivalents (Low Countries, Germany, France, et cetera). Places with libraries or archives that contain medieval manuscripts can be found in Index3. Despite the somewhat inconsistent contemporary use of terminology for councils and synods (see Chapter 4, pp. 137–8), these gatherings have been distinguished based on the way they are discussed in the book. Later references to decisions made at synods or councils have also been incorporated. Page numbers in italics indicate that the indexed reference is found in the footnotes and not in the main body of the text.

Agde, 108
Amiens, 40
Angers, 144
Saint-Aubin, 111, 115
Angoulême, 95
Annonay, 77
Apt
diocese, 162
synod (976), 161
Aquitaine, 48
Ardennes, 57
Arles
council (813), 177
Arras
synod (1025), 169
Asque, 109
Augsburg
council (958), 141
diocese, 28, 141
Aureillan
Saint-Jean, 91
Auriacho, 113
Autun
diocese, 29, 8082, 135, 160, 170
Baigne
Saint-Étienne, 118, 124, 128
Bamberg, 144
Basque Country, 48
Bavaria, 222
Beaulieu, 107, 117, 121
Bellersen, 74
Benediktbeuern, 111
Besançon, 143144
diocese, 28
synod (1040), 147
Béziers
Saint-Nazaire, 91
Bogenhausen, 70
Bohemia, 195
Brandenburg
diocese, 185
Brioude
Saint-Julien, 127
Cambrai, 191
diocese, 190
Campania, 25
Castillon-la-Grangette, 100
Catalonia, 161
Chalcedon
council (451), 24, 24, 26
Châlons-en-Champagne, 144, 217
Chamalières-sur-Loire, 112
Chartres, 162
diocese, 162
Saint-Père, 115
Chauci, 117
Clermont, 170
Cluny, 7981, 90, 93, 95, 98, 100, 102, 109, 117, 121, 123, 126
Cologne, 191, 204
diocese, 190
Conques
Sainte-Foy, 117, 123
Creretum, See Querré
Dampierre, 115
Detmold, 74
Dijon
diocese, 162
synod (ca. 903), 148, 168
Duttenberg, 152
Eichstätt, 144
England, 192
Exoudun, 151
Fleury, 75
Fligtingnana, 111
Föhring, 70
Fontenoy-sur-Moselle, 3840
Forgas, 41
Francia
council (747), 177
Frankfurt
council (951), 205
Freising, 1920, 143, 213
diocese, 6769, 76, See also Index 4: charters
St. Corbinian, 67
St. Mary, 67, 72
Weihenstephan, 71
Fulda, 191
Giesing, 70
Giggenhausen, 6769
Großrohrsdorf, 71
Haberhof, 6769
Haindlfing, 72
Hersfeld, 35
Hildesheim
synod (1013), 165
synod (ca. 1018), 140
Hohenaltheim
council (916), 70, 92, 205
Hohenegglkofen, 72
Hohenkammer, 72
Hollenstedt, 167
Ingelheim
council (948), 141, 205
council (972), 141
Itzling, 71
Juviliaco, 80
Koblenz, 58
council (922), 181, 181, 205
St. Mary, 58
Konstanz, 26
diocese, 31, 180
synod (1032), 140
synod (1043), 144
synod (s. X in.), 140
La Grasse, 96
La Réole
Saint-Pierre, 111
La Trinité Mont de Rouen, 113
Langres, 161
synod (912), 168
Le Mans
diocese, 28, 161
Saint-Vincent, 127
synod (840), 160
Lérins, 4244, 91, 103, 113
Lézat, 4042, 90, 97, 101, 107109, 122, 126, 129, 214
Liège, 191
diocese, 190
synod (s. X in.), 140
Lillebonne
council (1080), 145
Limoges, 19, 75, 143146, 155156, 165, 169
council (1031), 6
diocese, 160
Saint-Stephen, 93, 126
synod (ca. 1030), 161
Lorsch, 192
Lotharingia, 19, 41, 182, 190, 205, 211213
Lucca, 144
Mâcon
diocese, 76, 80, 162
synod, 148
Magdeburg
synod (s. X), 140
Mainz, 144, 191, 191
council (852), 196, 201
council (950), 138, 144, 146, 159, 205, 208
diocese, 190
Malgalzes, 97
Marmoutier, 80, 114
Marseille, 91, 111
Saint-Victor, 102
Meaux-Paris
council (845/6), 146, 182, 184, 204
Metz, 39
diocese, 56
Montecassino, 144
Monvila, See Saint-Martin-le-Vieil
Mortemart, 126
Moselle, 39, 55
Mosteriolo, 127
Mouzon
council (948), 141
Münster
synod (889), 147
Murano, 145
Neocaesarea
council (314/15?), 2425
Neuvicq
Saint-Laurent, 127
Nevers
diocese, 162
Saint-Cyr, 123
synod (903), 147, 168
Nicaea
council (325), 25, 99, 99, 137
Nice, 42
Saint-Pons, 42
Nîmes, 75, 119
Nogent-le-Rotrou
Saint-Denis, 115
Normandy, 141, 192
Nouaillé, 151
Novo Vico, See Neuvicq
Noyers, 124
Noyon
synod (964), 140, 145
Obarcium, 41, 122
Saint-Michel, 110
Orléans
diocese, 135, 160, 162, 170
Paderborn, 74
synod (ca. 1018), 140
Paliolus, 120
Paris
council (829), 178
diocese, 162
Pellhausen, 6769
Petraleve, 113
Peyrissas, 41
Sainte-Marie, 4042, 110
Pistoia, 144
Poitiers, 150
Saint-Cyprien, 97, 112, 114
synod (1036), 140
synod (s. X in.), 147, 168
Poitou
Saint-Maixent, 103, 114, 118
Pömbsen, 74
Prague, 188
Pranzay, 150
Pugo, 41
Pugolum, See Castillon-la-Grangette
Pujet-Malemorte, 43
Quedlinburg, 3438
St. Servatius, 35
Querré, 80
Razès, 96
Redon (Brittany), 17
Regensburg, 144, 160
diocese, 73
St. Emmeram, 73, See also Index 4:charters
Reichenau, 191
Reims, 188, 191, 192
council (900), 141
diocese, 141, 190
Reisbach
council (798), 177
Rennes, 162
diocese, 161162
Rhineland, 1920, 143, 214
Rickersen, 74
Rodez
synod (s. XI in.), 140
Rome, 20
council (1215), 136
St. John Lateran, 48
synod (1075), 31
synod (721), 24
Roquette-sur-Var, 4244
Saint-Martin, 42
Rosier en Gévaudan, 113
Rouen
council, 181
Saint-Barnard de Romans, 7778, 118, 121124
Saint-Denis
provincial synod (993/4), 78
Sainte-Foy, See Conques
Sainte-Marie Garda-Camona, 113
Saint-Julien, See Brioude
Saint-Martin-du-Var, 43
Saint-Martin-le-Vieil, 123
Saint-Victor, See Marseille
Salzburg, 204
diocese, 190
Samouillan, 41
Sarching, 73
Saumur
Saint-Florent, 8385, 92, 162
Sauxillanges, 9697
Savigny, 97, 103
Saxony, 35, 37, 44, 66, 74
Schäftlarn, 6769
Sées, 144
Séguinière, 114
Senancourt, 145
Sens
diocese, 78, 135, 160, 170
synod (981), 147
St. Emmeram, See Regensburg
St. Gallen, 191
St. Servatius, See Quedlinburg
Sünzhausen, 6769, 73
Swabia, 32
Tarraco
council (516), 176
Torcello
diocese, 145
Toul, 3840
diocese, 56
Toulouse, 40
council (844), 177
Tournus
synod, 162
Tours
diocese, 162
synod (925), 168
Tremblay, 83, 86
Tribur
council (895), 181, 184, 204
Trier, 19, 55, 66, 191
council (928), 55, 63, 76, 138, 144, 165
diocese, 57, 59, 180181, 190, 204
St. Martin, 55, 58
Troyes
diocese, 162
Türkenfeld, 73
Ultra Auriziano, 93
Urgell
diocese, 111
Uzerche, 103
Vandières, 39
Venice, 145
Verdun
diocese, 56
synod (967), 168
Veriotum, 119
Verona
diocese, 19, 192
synod (966), 157
synod (967), 148
Vienne, 149
synod (1036), 148
synod (907), 168
Visandonus, 102
Volvester, 101
Worms
council (868), 196, 201, 207209, 209

3 Manuscripts

This index contains all shelf marks of the manuscripts mentioned in this book. Page numbers in italics indicate that the indexed reference is found in the footnotes and not in the main body of the text.

Angers, Médiathèque Toussaint
301 (292), 23
Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek
Can. 7, 153
Berlin, Staatsbibliothek – Preußischer Kulturbesitz
Phillipps 1664, 155
Bern, Burgerbibliothek
AA 90.11, 132
Besançon, Bibliothèque municipale
2168 (olim. Z. 174), 158
Brussels, KBR
ms. 10127–44, 134
Châlons-en-Champagne, Bibliothèque municipale
Ms. 32 (C), 189190, 193196, 201, 208
Città del Vaticano, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana
Pal. lat. 485, 216
Pal. lat. 575, 191
Pal. lat. 576, 191
Pal. lat. 578, 191
Pal. lat. 582, 191
Pal. lat. 583, 191
Vat. lat. 4929, 29
Cologne, See Köln
Frankfurt, Stadt- und Universitätsbibliothek
Ms. Barth. 64, 191
Freiburg i.Br., Universitätsbibliothek
Hs. 7, 150
Hs. 8, 26
Gotha, Forschungsbibliothek
Memb. I. 84, 191
Heiligenkreuz, Stiftsbibliothek
217 (H), 189190, 194197, 199202, 204210
Köln, Erzbischöfliche Diözesan- und Dombibliothek
Cod. 118 (K1), 189190, 196199
Cod. 120 (K2), 189190, 194, 196201, 207209
Cod. 124, 187
München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek
Clm 3851 (M1), 184, 189190, 194, 196198, 201202, 208210
Clm 3853 (M2), 186189, 194202, 204205, 207210
Clm 3909, 187
Clm 6241, 187, 222
Clm 6245, 154
Clm 6288, 187
Clm 6426, 187
Clm 27246, 222
Munich, See München
Münster, Nordrhein-Westfälisches Staatsarchiv
Msc VII. 5201, 187
Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France
Lat. 2402, 194
Lat. 3878 (P), 189190, 194, 196202, 204, 208
Salzburg, Bibliothek der Erzabtei St. Peter
a. IX. 32 (S), 182, 189190, 194, 196, 199202, 204, 207208
Sélestat, Bibliothèque humaniste
MS 132, 216
St. Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek
Cod. Sang. 359, 201
Stockholm, Kungliga biblioteket
MS A 136, 29
Trier, Stadtbibliothek
Hs. 592/1578, 180
Troyes, Médiathèque Jacques-Chirac
Ms. 1979 (T), 183, 189190, 193196, 198, 201, 207210
Vatican city, See Città del Vaticano
Verdun, Bibliothèque municipale
46 (VD), 2425
Verona, Biblioteca capitolare
Cod. LXIII, 187
Cod. XC, 154, 165
Vienna, See Wien
Wien, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek
Cod. 694, 191
Cod. 1529, 76
Cod. 2136, 153
Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek
Cod. Guelf. 32 Helmst., 170, 187
Cod. Guelf. 454 Helmst., 187

4 Subjects

This register contains references to terms, concepts and source material that are central to this book. Names, places and manuscripts are not mentioned but can be found in Indices 1 2 and 3. The terms ‘priest’ and ‘bishop’ have not been indexed, as they feature so frequently that it would serve no purpose. Naturally, aspects related to both clerical offices have been included. Page numbers in italics indicate that the indexed reference is found in the footnotes and not in the main body of the text.

alms, 83, 114, 126
annona, See pension
anointing the sick, See unction, extreme
archdeacons, 153, 155, 157, 160, 186, 192, 194, 211212
archpriests, 135, 157, 186, 195
baptism, 28, 63, 146147, 157, 163, 166, 196, See also priests, understanding and performance of office
confirmation, 176
beneficium, 51, 74, 84
bishops, See also ecclesiastical discipline
episcopal authority, 168169, 171, 221
episcopal responsibility, 192, 205
governance, 200, 204, 206, 216
sacerdos (as terminology), See priests
understanding and performance of office, 7, 178, 192
boni homines, See Sendgericht, truthful men; comital courts, scabini
bunuaria, 56, 62, See also land measures
burial fees, 62, 7982, 86, 217
burial practice, 79, 110
canones, 25, 76, 157, 167, 183, 185, 189190, 196197, 199, 204, 208, 211
Ansegis of Fontenelle, Collectio capitularium, 61, 196, 201
Burchard of Worms, Decretum, 76, 131, 135, 144, 144, 146, 150, 163, 200, 213
Collectio 4 librorum, 196, 200
Collectio 17 titulorum, 189
Collectio 77 capitulorum, 189, 196, 196, 200
Collectio 234 capitulorum, 196, 197, 207, 209
Canones apostolorum, 25, 137
Canones in causa Apiarii, 61
Collectio Dacheriana, 201, 203, 207
Collectio Dionysio-Hadriana, 2326, 191
Collectio duodecim partium, 213
Collection of Salzburg, 196
Lorraine collection, 189, 196, 196197
(Pseudo-)Remedius of Chur, Collectio canonum, 196
Regino of Prüm, Libri duo de synodalibus causis, 16, 5566, 76, 79, 170, 178, 181182, 183184, 187, 191, 195, 199201, 203206, 213
canons, clerical, 5, 32, 33, 37, 127, 130, 148, 160, 162, 192, 219, 221
capitularies, 76, 196, 215
Admonitio generalis (789), 177, 201
Capitula e canonibus excerpta (813), 177
Capitulare Aquisgranense (801–813 or 828/9), 177
Capitulare septimanicum apud Tolosam datum (844), 185
Karlmanni principis capitulare (742), 176
Karoli Magni capitulare primum (787?), 177
Louis the Pious, of
no. 8 (818/19), 56, 70, 207
no. 42 (829), 83
Pippini principis capitulare Suessionense (744), 177
Toulouse (844), 135
casale, 100, 110, See also farmsteads
celibacy, clerical, 10, 105, 129
cerarii, 5758, 72, 82
chaplains, 32, 33, 193
charters, 17, 3334, 4044, 57, 67, 7981, 83, 90, 141, 144, 145, 147148, 150, 162, 165, 168, 171, 185
Codex Egilberti, 73
draftsmen, 91, 9496, 98, 100, 105, 107, 112, 115, 118, 128, 149
traditiones of Freising, 67, 69
traditiones of St. Emmeram, 73
witness gender gap, 91
chronicles, 18
Chronicle of Saint-Maixent, 140
Gregory of Tours, Decem libri historiarum, 47
Hermann of Reichenau, Chronicon, 140
Thietmar of Merseburg, Chronicon, 32, 140, 185
churches, See also titulus
as sources of income, 4951, 125
building materials, 65
building upkeep, 59, 80, 209
competition for, 66
diversity of revenue, 210, 219
estimated figures, 28, 82
lay ownership of, 50, 210
libertas ecclesiae, 48, 50, 54, 86, 224
ownership and transfer, 125128
wealth accumulation, 4649, See also social mobility
wealth redistribution, 4647, 59
clergy
nobilis, 69
proprius, 6971
unfree, 70, See also priests, unfreedom
clergy, minor, 23, 64, See also exorcists; doorkeepers; lectors and subdeacons
comital courts, 177, 180
scabini, 179
deacons, 22, 25, 39, 64, 104, 112, 123, 149, 179, 207, 208, 218
deans, 134135, 170, 182
decretals, 24, 76, 196
J3 1270, 59
J3 5021, 145
JE 1843, 207, 209, 242
JE †2709, 242
JE 2710, 198, 207, 208, 242
JK 402, 70
JL 3949, 232
JL 3951, 232
Pseudo-Isidorian, 155
demons, 39, See also Index 1: Leutard
diocesan synods, 16, 136170, 190, 194195, 207208, 211212, 216, 222
absence of the bishop, 144
attendance of, 144149
chrism collection, 146, 162
collective prayer at, 158160
dispute settlement, 149152, 168
education at, 156158
episcopal dominance, 166170
frequency of, 144
payment of dues at, 160163, 171
sermons at, See sermons, Admonitio Synodalis and Libellus de asidua predicatione
socialising at, 163166
synodal statutes, 136, See episcopal statutes
terminology, 208
travel towards, 75, 149, 156, 219
disputes, 59, 121, See also diocesan synods
between priests and family members, 99
settlement via trial by ordeal, 152
doorkeepers, 64
ecclesiastical discipline, 16, 174, 178, 190, 192195, 199, 203206, 211, 221
education, 83, See also priests and diocesan synods
cathedral schools, 23, 205
monastic schools, 23, 205
Eigenkirchen model, 8, 4951, 8586, 174
Eigenkirchenrecht, 222
Eigenkirchenwesen, 223
episcopal statutes, 7, 16, 76, 79, 136, 140, 145, 169, 171, 192, 195, 195, 197, 211, 215216
Atto of Vercelli, 17, 133, 138, 157
Capitula Antwerpensia, 17
Capitula Cottoniana, 17, 133
Capitula Helmstadensia, 17
Capitula Monacansia, 210
Capitula Ottoboniana, 17
Capitula Reginensia, 17
Capitula Sangallensia, 17, 134, 138, 210, 220
Capitula Trecensia, 17
Gerbald of Liège 1, 197, 209
Gerbald of Liège 2, 177, 180
Haito of Basel, 197
Herard of Tours, 208209
Hincmar of Reims 1, 201
Hincmar of Reims 2, 61, 183, 186, 209, 209
Hincmar of Reims 3, 133, 184
Hincmar of Reims 5, 184
Radulf of Bourges, 6061, 6364, 66
Ruotger of Trier, 17, 55, 6061, 6364, 66, 76, 79, 133, 138, 157
Theodulf of Orléans 1, 99, 207, 209
Theodulf of Orléans 2, 181
epistola formata, See litterae formatae
excommunication, 49, 157, 163, 167, 184, 184
exorcists, 22
farmsteads, 56, 67, 70, 72, 117, 218, See also huba; mansus and casale
feudal society, 47, 5253, 85
feudum, 52
formulae, 98, 134
friendship, 58, 87, 164, 166, 211
gesta episcoporum, 7
Gesta Aldrici, 31
Le Mans, of, 171
gifts, 50, 60, 62, 7980, 82, 86, 210
formalisation of gift giving, 7981
godparents, 87
hagiography, 18, 192
De sancti Eugenii Toletani episcopi virtutibus magnificis, 140
De translationis corporis S. Hunegundis virginis apud Viromanduos, 141
Ex miraculis sancti Marci, 140
Liber miraculorum sancte Fidis, 141, 150
Miracula sancti Benedicti, 63, 124
Miracula Wigperti, 3438
Vita Adalberonis II Mettensis, 31
Vita Dodonis, 135
Vita et passio sancti Abbonis, 78
Vita Godehardi, 167
Vita Haimeradi, 32
Vita Johannis Gorziensis, 3840
Vita Mathildis reginae antiquior, 37
Vita Meinwerci episcopi Patherbrunnensis, 74, 141
Vita sancti Wolfkangi, 155
Vita Uodalrici, 27, 180, 185, 216
handbooks
compilers, 197, 207, 210
for bishops, 17, 174, 181, 187210, 213, 222, See also canones, Regino of Prüm, Libri duo de synodalibus causis
for priests, 23, 154, 216
practical use, 198199, See also traces of use in manuscripts
tables of contents, 199
Hincmar of Reims, Collectio de ecclesiis et capellis, 160, 163
hospitality, 63, 83, 186, 200, See also priests, expenses of
Hrabanus Maurus
De institutione clericorum, 23
letter to Humbert, 196, 201, 207
letter to Reginbald, 196, 201, 205, 207
huba, See farmsteads
incest, 62, 181, 196, 207
inheritance, 6162, 6469, 7172, 91, 95, 109, 114, 120
inquisitio, 179180
investiture, 53, 80
Isidore of Seville, De officiis ecclesiasticis, 22
Islam, 156, 162
land measures, See bunuaria; Morgen and yokes
lectors, 22, 64
leges
Lex Alamannorum, 46
Lex Baiwariorum, 46
Lehnswesen, 5152, 85
Lehnrecht, 52
library catalogues, 191
litterae formatae, 39
liturgy, 27, 36, 54, 60, 143, See also ordines
loans, 63, 153
mancipia, See unfree people
mansus, 56, 58, See farmsteads
manuals, See handbooks
marriage, clerical, 11, 18, 25, 88, 131, 207, 210
defence of, 215
Mass, 2122, 27, 3234, 36, 64, 93, 133, 158, 177, 180, See also priests, understanding and performance of office
miracula, See hagiography
monks, 32, 73, 75, 83, 109, 111, 117, 127, 148, 160
Morgen, 74, See also land measures
munera, See gifts
Nicolaitism, 18, 53
northmen, 40, 141, 192
nuns, 36, 3839
oath swearing, 11, 150, 152, 178, 180, 194, 211, 222, See also Sendgericht, witnesses
by laypeople, 182, 204
Klerikereid, 222
oblates (pueri oblati), 64
oblations, See gifts
Ordinals of Christ, 23
ordines, synodal, 18, 142144, 146, 157
Ordo 2, 159, 164
Ordo 2C, 143, 147, 149, 150, 157158
Ordo 2D, 138, 143, 146, 149
Ordo 5, 143144, 146, 146, 149, 157159, 159, 164
Ordo 5B, 146, 159
Ordo 5C, 149, 159
Ordo 5D, 149
Ordo 13, 143, 144, 159, 164165, 169
Ordo 14, 137, 143144, 144, 146147, 149, 150, 153, 157, 158, 159, 165, 169
Ordo 15, 143144, 146147, 149, 153, 157, 159, 165, 169
Ordo 16, 143, 146, 159, 165, 169
Ordo 17, 143, 146147, 149150, 153, 157, 159, 165, 169
Ordo 18, 137, 143, 153, 165
Ordo 22, 143, 146147, 150, 153, 153, 157
Ordo 24, 143
Ordo 25, 143
Ordo 28, 137, 143144, 147, 153, 159, 165, 169
Ordo 29, 143, 161
Ordo 30, 165
orphans, care for, 63, See also priests, expenses of
Otloh of St. Emmeram, Liber visionum, 141
parish, 9, 10, 14, 44, 56, 60, 72, 80, 150152, 180, 224
parrochia, 5, 10, 64, 80, 152, 176, 178, 180, 186, See also parish
pastoral care, 27, 3233, 3738, 44, 83, 126, 146147, 178
patrimony, See inheritance
penance, 126, 184, 198, See also priests, understanding and performance of office
ordines, 198, 206
penitentials, 189, 191, 197, 211
Halitgar of Cambrai, 196, 198199, 201, 207, 210
Hrabanus Maurus, Paenitentiale ad Heribaldum, 197, 199201
Paenitentiale Trecense, 198
Pseudo-Bedae-Egberti, 198199, 205
Pseudo-Theodore, 198
pension, 7374
polemical writings, See Streitschriften
poor, care for the, 47, 63, 83, 209, See also priests, expenses of
population growth, 82, 219
praemium, See gifts
precarial grants, 51, 57, 121, 123
presbiterissa, See priests, companions
presbiterium, 8385, See also priests, sources of income
Priesterbild, 12, 54, 171
priests
absolute ordination, 24, 26, 219
agency of, 14, 51, 5355, 6675, 85, 171, 214, 222225
associations of, 132, 160
celibacy, See celibacy, clerical
children of, 106116, 131, 167, 219
church ownership by, 219220, See churches, ownership and transfer
companions, 90, 104116, 129, 207, 215, 219
demotion of, 61
diversity among, 3444, 66, 72, 220
education of, 23, 93, 192, See also prerequisites for ordination
elites, as local, 64, 75, 92, 215, 218
estimated figures, 2830
expenses of, 6364, 75, 219, See also poor, care for the; hospitality; orphans, care for; clergy, minor; diocesan synods and payment dues
families of, 207, 215
family property management by, 90, 215
father-son dynamic, 102104
interaction with the bishop, 14, 83, 164, 185, 212213, 219
living separately from companion, 25, 104, 129, 207, 219
marriage, See marriage, clerical
monks, as, 32, 33
mother-son dynamic, 9799
notaries, as, 94
ordination of, 2223, 31, 36, 40, 94, 96, 136, 136, 149, 200, 222
parents, and their, 94104
prerequisites for ordination, 25, 70, 154, 180, 194, 211, 219
presbyter (as terminology), 15, 2122, 33, 69
proprius presbyter, 6971
purity, 54, 129, 156
sacerdos (as terminology), 15, 21, 33, 137, 171
sexual intercourse, 25, 129
siblings, of, 116124
sources of income, 5566, 160, 209, See farmsteads; unfree people; cerarii; gifts; tithes; loans; burial fees and presbiteria
uncle-nephew dynamic, 90, 116124, 164
understanding and performance of office, 22, 27, 154, 158159, 194195, 212, 217, 219, See also Mass; baptism; penance; unction, extreme and viaticum
unfreedom of, 70, 92, 175
wives, See priests, companions
proprietary church, See Eigenkirchen model
provincial councils, 137, 140141, 219
reform
Carolingian, 216, 223
Gregorian, See reform, papal
papal, 2, 8, 1012, 14, 49, 53, 86, 223224
resistance to, 10
regulae formatarum, 149, 193
relics, 37, 150
Salzehnten, See tithes, demesne
seigneurial levy, 77
Sendgericht, 56, 63, 66, 153, 204, 216217, 219, 222, See also handbooks, for bishops and visitation
administration of justice, 176, 179, 182, 194, 213
Augsburger Sendordnung, 28, 182184, 194, 197, 213
exchange of ideas, 204206
function and development, 178181
judgement via trial by ordeal, 184
judicial court, as, 16, 178179, 181, 211
Kölner Sendordnung, 182
Libri duo de synodalibus causis, See canones
ordines, 173, 179, 182, 194, 206, 211, See also Augsburger Sendordnung and Kölner Sendordnung
synodal sermons, See sermons
terminology, 173, 180, 194, 208
texts for the, 194196
truthful men, 100, 181183
witnesses, 178181, 194, 211, See also oath swearing and Sendgericht, truthful men
Sendhandbuch, See canones, Regino of Prüm, Libri duo de synodalibus causis
sepultura, See burial fees
serfs, 59, 204
sermons, 17, 146, 153158, 171, 209
Ademar of Chabannes, 144, 146, 149, 155157, 160, 162, 163, 164, 166, 186, See also Index 3: Berlin, Staatsbibliothek – Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Phillipps 1664
Admonitio sacerdotum, 195
Admonitio Synodalis, 17, 33, 131, 133, 146, 149, 154156, 164, 167, 195, 209, 213, 216218, 221222
Ammonicione ad presbiteros, 195
Caesarius of Arles, 209
Libellus de adsidua predicatione, 154
Sermo synodalis, 195, 213
synodal sermons, 195196
simony, 14, 48, 53, 65, 79, 163
sinodalia, See diocesan synods and payment dues
social mobility, 123124, 128, 130
spatialisation, See territorialisation
Spielraum, See priest, agency
Streitschriften, 18
Abbo of Fleury, Apologeticus, 144
Bernold of Konstanz, Libelli Bernaldi presbyteri monachi, 26, 31, 54
subdeacons, 22, 149, 207, 218
synodal ordines, 160, 169, 171, 173, 194, 206208, 211, See also Sendgericht, Augsburger Sendordnung and Kölner Sendordnung
territorialisation, 810, 135, 223
tithes, 50, 5860, 66, 72, 7678, 82, 84, 150152, 168, 208210, 212, 215, 218, 221
complexification, 7678, 85, 217, 220
demesne, 78
division, 209, See churches, wealth redistribution
nona et decima, 51
payment in kind, 60
record keeping, 209, 220
titulus, 24, 26, See also priests, absolute ordination
traces of use in manuscripts
additions, 199
corrections, 200
marginal annotations, 114, 134, 197, 201
neumes, 201
trial by ordeal, See disputes and Sendgericht
unction, extreme, 28, See also priests, understanding and performance of office
unfree people, 56, 58, 60, 70, 74
viaticum, 166, See also priests, understanding and performance of office
vicus publicus, 56
vikings, See northmen
villa, 56, 72, 77, 92
violence, 53, 149, 178
visitation, 157, 176178, 185, 197, 211
concilia, 27
paratum, See diocesan synods and payment dues
to preserve orthodoxy, 176178
vitae, See hagiography
Walahfrid Strabo, Libellus de exordiis et incrementis quarundam in observationibus ecclesiasticis rerum, 182
yokes, 67, 71, 73, See also land measures

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