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Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 November 2025

Edited by
Clare Woodcraft  and
Nitya Mohan Khemka
Foreword by
Elizabeth Yee  and
Deepali Khanna
Clare Woodcraft
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Nitya Mohan Khemka
Affiliation:
PATH
Elizabeth Yee
Affiliation:
The Rockefeller Foundation
Deepali Khanna
Affiliation:
The Rockefeller Foundation

Information

Type
Chapter
Information
Catalytic Capital
Unleashing Philanthropy for Systems Change
 , pp. 298 - 306
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NC
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

2024 Africa Sustainable Development Report, 263
2024 UNEP Adaptation Gap Report, 233
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 39
AB InBev, 117, 119–121
Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), 177
accelerator programs, 274
accountability, 34, 39, 43, 63, 80, 95, 141, 143, 148, 155, 162, 164, 177, 181, 288
adaptability, 124, 129, 131, 160, 163, 166, 180, See also: adaptation
adaptation, 233–258
adaptation financing, 233–258
challenges, 235–240
return on investment (RoI) argument, 240, 247
climate, 236, 248
concept ambiguity, 241
funding gap, 233, 240, 245, 251
maladaptation, 244
measures, 238, 240
needs in Global South, 244
projects, 237, 240, 245, 256
Africa, 25, 71–75, 100, 263–284
Sustainable Growth Model, 283
African Development Bank, 281
African Venture Philanthropy Alliance (AVPA), 277, 282
Catalytic Pooled Fund, 282
AfricInvest, 72–73
Agence Française de Développement (AFD), 78
agroforestry, 60
Agua Capital, 165
Agua Somos, 165
Agua Tica, 166
Aguas Firmes, 165
Allianz, 31, 60, 83
ALTÉRRA, 198
Amazon Rainforest, 212–217, 219–221
Amigo Digital, 122–128
“No-Cost Participation” approach, 128
“Order Now, Pay Later” model, 123
governance framework, 127
operational challenges, 126
Amundi, 31
Anesvad Foundation, 73
Anne Applebaum, 8
Arapyaú Institute, 217–221
Armenia, 96
artificial intelligence (AI), 8, 40, 125, 285
Authority of Social Contribution (Ma’an), 186
automation, 8
Bab Amal (Door of Hope), 177–181
Bank Nasr, 182
Basel III, 29, 41, 295
Belgian Investment Company for Developing Countries (BIO), 59
Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), 290
benefactor injections, 37
blended finance, 2, 23–25, 27, 32–35, 43, 60, 70, 76, 80, 82, 85, 93, 99–101, 146, 196, 199, 215, 231, 242–243, 257, 288, 295
challenges in health sector, 101
limitations, 33
OECD DAC Blended Finance Principles, 34
OECD definition, 57
risk and return balance, 34
Blended Finance Taskforce, 197
Blue Alliance Marine Protected Areas, 83
Blue Carbon Impact Framework, 76
Blue Finance Impact Loan Facility, 83
BNP Paribas, 78, 80
BNP Paribas Cardiff, 60
BRAC International, 177
Brazil, 152, 157, 217–221
Brazilian National Development Bank (BNDES), 219
Bretton Woods system, 195
Bridges Outcomes Partnerships, 76
Bridgetown Initiative, 33, 37
Cabo Verde, 80
capacity building, 26, 30, 35–37, 77, 101, 104, 116, 118, 120, 131, 145, 163–164, 175, 183, 267
digital, 122
capital stack, 99
capitalization, 32
carbon credit markets, 224
Carbon Disclosure Project, 53
CARE Ethiopia, 78
CARE France, 78
catalytic capital, 25–30, 57, 84, 100, 119, 124, 126, 130, 136–137, 145, 159, 264, 271, 274, 277, 285, 291, See: philanthropy as catalytic capital
capacity building, 11
catalytic financial resources, 70
equitable climate transition, 11–12
mobilization, 11, 134
nonfinancial resources, 70
Catalytic Capital Consortium, 276
catalytic finance, 2–3, 56, 129, 297
definition, 1
Catalytic Green Fund, 216
Central Region Water Security Plan, 166
Chemonics International, 73
Children’s Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF), 277
Chile, 118, 125, 152–154
China, 59
CITEO, 48
Civil 20 (C20), 140
climate change, 1, 7, 10–11, 28, 42, 50, 62, 68, 75, 90, 136, 150–151, 154, 157–158, 160, 167, 192, 212, 215, 234, 237, 263, 287, 296
climate action, 54, 145, 147, 228
climate transition, 26
multilateral climate change funds, 235
climate finance, 4, 36, 56, 194, 197, 207, 236, 242, 244, 248
private climate finance, 195
climate resilience, xii, 33, 76, 81, 150, 160, 212–231, 233, 244
ClimateWorks Foundation, 191–192, 214
Closelly Edutech SpA, 125
collaboration, 3, 26, 79, 85, 119, 125, 128, 141, 148, 158–159, 162, 172, 183, See also: partnerships
challenges to, 4
cross-sector, 58
south-south cooperation, 43, 96, 138, 243–244
Collective for Clean Transport Finance (CCTF), 203
Colombia, 121–122, 165, 225–229
Sembrando Futuro, 227
concessional capital, 205
concessional finance, 29, 31, 39
concessional funding, 30, 32, 35, 57, 76, 100
Conexao Povos da Floresta (Forest People Connection), 219
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 52
Convergence (Platform), 3, 41
State of Blended Finance report, 215
Convergence Blended Finance (CBF), 33
COP27, 194, 202, 245
COP28, 200
COP28 Action Agenda on Regenerative Landscapes, 54
COP29, 194, 198
corporate social responsibility (CSR), 93, 246, 252
challenges, 95
definition, 94
frameworks, 143
Costa Rica, 166
Credit Guarantee Fund (CGF), 276
credit guarantees, 102
credit rating agencies, 296
Dairy Methane Action Alliance (DMAA), 53
Danone, 48–66
Danone Ecosystem, 49, 57
debt instruments, 27
Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI), 137
debt sustainability, 38
de-risk investments, 27, 70, 82, 102, 286, See also: de-risking
de-risking, 19, 24, 33–37, 41, 43, 55, 60, 72, 74–75, 99, 124, 131, 168, 192, 196, 199, 205, 210–211, 230, 263–284
desertification, 51
development assistance committee (DAC), 29
development assistance for health (DAH), 90
development finance, 1, 10, 19, 25, 40, 44, 83–84, 134, 138
collaborative, 20
Development Finance Institutions (DFIs), 25, 28, 31–32, 37–38, 74, 233, 294
bilateral, 41
development grants, 72
development impact bond, 78–80
digital inclusion, 132
digital infrastructure, 8, 40, 58, 71, 115, 121, 124, 127, 131, 145–146
discounted cash flow (DCF), 287
Domestic Resource Mobilization (DRM), 30–32, 74
Dominican Republic, 122
double-blended finance, 71–72, 86
Economic Research Forum (ERF), 182
Ecuador, 96, 122, 124
EdelGive Foundation, 253
education sector, 24, 35, 75, 139, 144, 186
Egypt, 171–188, 267
challenges
civil engagement, 177
data access and scientific evidence, 175
financial constraints, 176
regulatory constraints, 174–177, 179
regulatory delays, 179
Law No. 149 of 2019, 175
policy reforms, 184–187
data access and research, 185
evidence-based policymaking, 186
financial environment, 185
legal and administrative barriers, 184
multi-sector collaboration, 186
Egypt Evidence for Policy Accelerator, 182
Egypt Impact Lab, 180, 186
Egyptian Food Bank, 180
Egyptian Ministry of Social Solidarity, 178
El Salvador, 122
emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs), 23, 29, 38, 191–211
role in IMF, 38
role in World Bank, 38
energy sector, 24, 157
clean energy, 215
renewable energy, 24–25, 33, 36, 83
Entrepreneurial Support Organizations (ESOs), 216
environmental conservation, 54, 75, 144, 147, 212–231
biodiversity, 35, 50, 62, 68, 81, 151, 160, 215, 221, 228, 287
carbon credit market, 227
carbon footprint, 214
decarbonization, 206–207, 209, 215, 237
eco-certifications, 222
green infrastructure, 196, 199
Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on Plastic Pollution, 62
low-carbon economy, 198
marine conservation, 80
plastic pollution, 62
role of civil society, 215, 226
soil erosion, 51
transport decarbonization, 199
wildfire risks, 157
environmental sustainability, 54
circular economy, 225
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG)
frameworks, 143
funding, 93
challenges, 96
definition, 95
equity holdings, 37
equity investments, 26–27, 35
Ethiopia, 78–80
Ethiopia Menstrual Health and Hygiene Project, 78
Eurasia 2025 Risk Report, 9
European Development Finance Institutions (EDFI), 197
European Investment Bank, 60
European Union (EU) Corporate Social Responsibility Directive, 53
Evidence for Policy Accelerator, 186
experience networks, 5, 58, 64, 124, 158, 160
expertise, 87, 120, 158, 160, 175, 180, 231
commercial, 121
community, 87
digital, 116, 120, 125–127
financial, 101, 116, 120, 126–127
industry, 87
technical, 58, 87, 116, 121, 123, 155, 159
Fairtrade Access Fund (FAF), 57, 59
family offices, 292–293
Finance in Common Summit (FiCS), 41
financial inclusion, 28, 39, 104, 122–128, 136, 140, 149
financial oversight, 141
financial sustainability, 139
financing development, 68
Financing for Development Conference in Addis Ababa (FfD3), 23
Financing for Development Conference in Seville (FfD4), 23, 29, 43
first-loss capital, 56, 72, 74, 76, 83–84, 86, 100, 196, 275, 277
first-loss guarantees, 102
FMO (Dutch Development Bank), 59, 73, 83
Fondaction, 60
Fondation de France, 60
food industry, 48–50
agribusiness, 83
agricultural iniciatives, 58
agricultural productivity, 51, 157
dairy sector, 50
food security, 51, 80, 157
nutrition, 48
sustainable agriculture, 58
Ford Foundation, 270
foreign exchange volatility, 102
France, 173
French Development Agency, 60
FSD Africa Investments, 73
Fundación FEMSA, 159, 164
G20, 140
G20 Common Framework for Debt Treatments, 38
G20 Independent High-Level Expert Group (IHLEG), 25
GEMS databank, 33
General Authority for Awqaf (GAA), 142
geopolitical instability, 1, 8, 52, 69, 89, 137, 193, 285
geopolitical realignment, 286
Germany, 173
GGem Farming, 279
Ghana, 267, 272
GIZ (German Development Agency), 58
Glasgow Climate Pact, 234
Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero, 42, 197
Global Alliance for Sustainable Development, 31
Global Blended Finance Alliance, 42–43, 206
Global Climate Action Summit, 251
Global Commission on Adaptation, 248
Global Energy Alliance for People and Planet (GEAPP), 198
Global Environment Facility, 55, 159
Global Fund for Coral Reefs (GFCR), 80
Global Health Investment Corporation (GHIC), 100
Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN), 31, 97
Global Infrastructure Hub, 197
Global Methane Hub, 54
Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation (GPEDC), 40
Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (GPFI), 140
Global Philanthropy Tracker, 271
governance, 8, 38–39, 142, 145, 162, 231
erosion of, 9
inclusive, 165
local governance, 79
reforms, 43
science-based, 166
south-south representation, 41
Graduation Approach, 178
Grameen Foundation, 59
Grand Challenges Canada, 73, 100
grants, 265, 269, 271
recoverable, 273
Green Climate Fund, 55, 236, 291
Green Development and Investment Accelerator (GDIA), xi, 191–211
best practice methodology, 208–209
governance, 207–208
launching and institutionalising, 206–207
Green Finance Institute (GFI), 197
greening finance, 198
GroFin,, 277
Grupo Argos Foundation, 225–229
guarantees, 26–27, 35, 56, 196, 277
Guiding Principles for Financing Climate and Health Solutions, 291
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), 145
Hamburg Data Alliance, 40
Hamburg Sustainability Platform (HSP), 31, 41
Harit Bharat Fund, 253
Health Finance Coalition, 72–73
healthcare, xii, 10, 24, 35, 42, 72, 75, 144, 186
in Global South, 88–106
COVID-19 impact, 88–89
current financing model, 90–93
data and measurement barriers, 98–102
financial and market barriers, 102
policy and advocacy barriers, 104–105
health technology, 71
private health care providers, 24
Saudi Arabia, 139
Honduras, 122
housing, 10
hybrid capital, 32
IFC, 31
Impact and Sustainable Finance Consortium, 282
impact bonds, 28, 36
Impact Europe, 288
impact finance, 56, 138
impact investing, 23, 70, 143, 146
challenges, 98–99
the African premium, 98
data infrastructure, 98
Saudi Arabia, 138
definition, 97–98
pension funds, 99
Impact Investing Taskforce, 197
impact investment, 93, 269, See also: impact investing
impact measurement, 145, 148, 181, See also: public–private–philanthropic partnerships (PPPPs):impact measurement
Impact-Weighted Accounts, 288
Incofin Investment Management, 59
Independent High-Level Expert Group on Climate Finance, 197
India, 94, 183, 200–201, 246, 251, 253
Teaching at the Right Level, 183
The Companies Act, 2013, 94
India Climate Collaborative (ICC), 253
Indian Sundarbans Delta, 239
Indonesia, 42–43, 76, 80
Information and Decision Support Center (IDSC), the National Institute of Planning (INP), 182
infrastructure, 24, 32, 158
school, 78
water, 156
innovation, 32, 35, 55, 71, 75, 79, 85, 118, 128–129, 144–145, 147, 156, 159, 164
local, 137
Innovations for Poverty Action, 183
institutional investors, 28, 41, 83–84
endowments, 37
insurance, 56, 294
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), 120, 159, 216
International Climate Initiative (IKI), 159
International Development Association (IDA), 88
International Development Finance Club, 41
International Finance Corporation (IFC), 73, 100, 105
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 182
International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, 182–183
Investing for Good, 294
IRIS+, 288
Islamic Development Bank, 29
James Chen, 273
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, 36
JPMorgan Chase, 95
Just Energy Transition Partnerships (JETPs), 203
Kenya, 267
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), 63, 86, See also: PPPPs: impact measurements
need to avoid, 65
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, 144
King Khalid Foundation (KKF), 140
King Saud University, 144
land degradation, 50, 68
Land Degradation Neutrality Fund, 57, 59
large language models (LLMs), 8
Latimpacto, 213, 230
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), 115–132, 150–168, 212–231
Latin American Water Funds Partnerships (LAWFP), xi, 150–168
Desired State Framework, 161–164, 166
Decision-Making, 162
Innovation and Adaptation, 162
Resource Mobilization, 162
Standardizing, 162
future challenges, 167
Life Makers, 180
Lightsmith Climate Resilience, 243
Livelihoods Funds, 49
loans, 26
loss and damage fund, 53
MacArthur Foundation, 83, 253
Malaria No More, 72
Malawi, 279
Mbaracayú Forest Natural Reserve (RNBM), 223
MCJ Amelior Foundation, 73
menstrual health and hygiene (MHH), 78
Merck & Co, 73, 100
Metropolitan Environmental Fund of Monterrey (FAMM), 165
Mexico, 96, 122, 124–125, 152–154, 158, 165
Madre Tierra project, 57
Middle East and North Africa (MENA), 135
regional instability, 172
regulatory barriers, 172
regulatory challenges, 174
third sector, 183–184
Ministry of Social Solidarity, 182
Mirova, 60
Misk Foundation, 147
Mission-Related Investments (MRIs), 291
Mohamed El-Erian, 1
Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), 103
multilateral development banks (MDBs), 24–25, 28, 31–32, 37–38, 197, 243
trilateral partnerships, 39
Multilateral Financial Institutions (MFIs), 233
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), 243
Mustafa Suleyman, 8
National Center for Non-Profit Sector, 144, 186
National Electric Bus Programme (NEBP), 200–201
National Youth Water Prize, 165
nationally determined contributions (NDCs), 209, 212
nature-based solutions, 76, 85, 158, 166–167, 212–231
NEOM mega-city project, 147
Netri Foundation, 73
Nigeria, 267, 271
Nuevo León 2050 Water Plan, 165
OECD’s Credit Reporting System, 30
Official Development Assistance (ODA), 234
Omidyar Network, 268
One Planet Business for Biodiversity (OP2B), 54
outcome-based contracts, 76, 86
outcomes-based financing, 76, 86
Overseas Development Assistance (ODA), 68
Panama, 122
Paraguay, 221–225
Cities Without Waste initiative, 224
Paris Agreement, 212, 234
partnerships, 36, 48, 134, 145, 179, 287, See: collaboration
competitive activities, 61
governance structures, 49
multi-sector partnerships, 26, 121, 124, 146, 150, 155, 172, 199, 225, 229
pre-competitive activities, 61
TPI definition, 6
patient capital, 81, 83, 85, 273
Payment Security Mechanism (PSM), 200
perfect public goods, 248
permacrisis, 68, 285
definition, xii, 1
Peru, 122, 124, 157
philanthropy, 12–13
altruism, 248
and climate finance, 211
as catalytic capital, 116, 265
as charity, 271
collaborative philanthropy, 278–280
and lasting impact, 61
as market shaper, xii, 290–292
as risk capital, 19, 119, 164
as scaling capital, 276–278
as seed funding, 273–275
as systemic change, 18–20, 35, 61, 118, 131, 164, 231
concept, 248
corporate philanthropy, 69, 250
decentralization of philanthropic influence, 141
financial leaders, 295–296
philanthropic capital, xii, 2–3, 19, 35, 76, 117–118, 140, 148, 213–214, 256, 264, 272
venture philanthropy, 269–270
Philippines, 80
Philips, 71–75
Transform Health Fund, 71
political risk insurance, 102
pooled funds, 48–67, 85
portfolio approach, 31
principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, 52
private capital mobilization (PCM), 23, 27, 29, 37, 43, 84, 197
Probability of Premature Death (PPD), 103
Program-Related Investments (PRIs), 291
ProPride, 78
Prosper Africa, 277
public–private–philanthropic partnerships (PPPPs), 5–7, 50, 52, 59, 70, 117, 121, 127, 146, 186, 288, 290
additionality, 65, 74
challenges, 63
defining roles, 74
goal alignment, 65, 74, 129
governance, 64, 79, 84
impact measurement, 62–63, 74, 77
India, 253
legal oversight, 74
local community involvement, 82, 86, 125
partnership alignment, 64
private sector as off-taker, 55
scalability, 74
strengths, 55
theory of change approach, 65
regional connectivity, 134, 138
regional cooperation, 158
regulatory framework, 27, 54, 62, 153, 177, 295
bureaucratic procedures, 63, 175, 183
institutional weakness, 154
legal frameworks, 33
on sustainability, 53
reforms, 29, 41, 135, 139, 240
Africa, 282
Egypt, 184–187
risk-based approach, 141
Saudi Arabia, 143
regulatory alignment, 128
tax policies, 27, 30, 146, 185, 257
remittances, 93, 96
challenges, 97
impact, 97
retail philanthropy, 141
returns continuum framework, 268–270
revenue blending, 86
risk-adjusted returns, 192, 197
risk-tolerant capital, 55
Rohini Nilekani Philanthropies, 253
Rwanda, 273
Saudi Arabia, xi, 134–149
2022 Companies Law, 143
Capital Market Authority (CMA), 143
challenges
Financial Action Task Force (FATF), 140
Charities and Organizations Law, 139
Ehsan, 141
General Authority for Awqaf, 139
National Centre for the Non-Profit Sector, 139
resilience, 137
Vision 2030, 135, 138
Saudi Arabia’s National Center for Non-Profit Sector (NCNPS), 141
Saudi Central Bank (SAMA), 141
Saudi Exchange (Tadawul), 143
Saudi Social Development Bank (SDB), 147
Sawiris Foundation for Social Development (SFSD), 177
scalability, 19, 128–129, 147, 158, 161, 166
scaling, 41, 75–76, 124, 180
Science-Based Target Initiative, 53
SDG Loan Fund, 85
Segal Family Foundation (SFF), 273
“capital plus” model, 274
senior loans, 83–84
SFDR, 295
SFSD, 182
shared learning, 5
Skandia, 83
Skoll Foundation, 100
small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), xii, 115–132
structural barriers, 115
the, 269
the “missing middle”, 123, 273
Small Island Developing States (SIDs), 243
social care, 144, 149, 151, 178, 287
social cost of carbon (SCC), 237
social finance, 76
social responsibility, 69, 143
Social Return on Investment (SROI), 288
Solvency II, 29, 41, 295
South Africa, 267
Sri Lanka, 97
structured funds, 28
Summit for a New Global Financing Pact, 33, 40
sustainability, 53, 69, 81, 84, 120, 124, 128, 131, 142, 147, 150
sustainable bioeconomy, 220
sustainable development, 26, 28, 37, 66, 70, 96, 128–129, 134–135, 143, 145, 151, 222, 228
role of civil society, 174
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), 23, 58, 120, 137, 215, 233, 239, 242, 245, 257, 264, 267, 280, 289
gap in, xi, 1, 29, 35, 56, 68, 75, 88, 146, 247
SDG Finance, 263–284
sustainable forestry sectors, 60
Swedfund, 73
syndicated loans, 28
Tabôa Fortalecimento Comunitario, 218
Tanzania, 80
Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), 198
Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), 198
Tata Trusts,, 253
TEC de Monterrey, 125
technical assistance, 118–119, 122
technological disruption, 1, 8
TechnoServe, 58
The Development Committee 2024 Paper: A Bank for the Private Sector, 38
The Moisés Bertoni Foundation, 221–225
The Nature Conservancy (TNC), 159
The Partnering Initiative (TPI), 6
The Rockefeller Foundation, 60, 72, 198, 291
The Rockefeller Foundation’s Zero Gap Fund, 36
thematic bonds, 56
thematic investment, 77
Tienda Cerca, 117, 119–122
COVID-19 influence, 119–121
Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (TOSSD), 39
Transform Health Fund, 73, 100
transparency, 26, 29–31, 34, 39, 43, 63, 77, 85–86, 95, 127, 141, 143, 148, 155, 164, 175, 181, 288
in Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs), 40
US International Development Finance Corporation (DFC), 28, 73
UBS Accelerate Collective, 78
UBS Optimus Foundation, 75–78, 100
Climate Collective, 76
UBS Outcome Fund
SDG Outcomes Fund, 76
Uganda, 267
UNAM, 165
UNESCO, 165
UNFCCC, 52
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, 52, 59
United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), 125, 131
United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation (UNOSSC), 244
United States Development Finance Corporation (DFC), 100
Universal Health Coverage (UHC), 72, 92
universal ownership (principle), 291
USAID, 28, 73
Venture Capital Trust Fund (VCTF), 277
Vietnam, 76
Villgro Africa, 274–276, 279
Walmart Foundation, 58
Waqf investment funds, 142
water, 24
availability, 152, 154
governance, 155
whole-ecosystem approach, 166
infrastructure, 153
integrated water resource management (IWRM) strategies, 155
safe drinking water, 152
water access, 48
water scarcity, 50–51, 68, 150–168
water security, 150, 155, 158, 160, 168, 228
Water Funds, 150
WBG’s Private Sector Investment Lab, 41
World Bank, 76, 105
World Bank’s Private Sector Innovation Lab, 42
World Business Council for Sustainable Development, 31, 54, 203
World Economic Forum, 267
World Health Organization, 291
World Resources Institute (WRI), 253
World Wildlife Fund (WWF), 224
Zakat, 146
Zambia, 267, 276
Zambia National Advisory Board for Impact Investing (NABII Zambia), 276

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