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Time-Based prospective memory predicts insight into functional abilities among community-dwelling older adults

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 December 2024

Michelle Gereau Mora Open the ORCID record for Michelle Gereau Mora [Opens in a new window] ,
Libby A. DesRuisseaux Open the ORCID record for Libby A. DesRuisseaux [Opens in a new window]  and
Yana Suchy Open the ORCID record for Yana Suchy [Opens in a new window]
Michelle Gereau Mora*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Libby A. DesRuisseaux
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Yana Suchy
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
*
Corresponding author: Michelle Gereau Mora; Email: michelle.gereau@psych.utah.edu
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Abstract

Objective:

Accurate appraisal of one’s own abilities (i.e., insight) is necessary for appropriate compensatory behaviors and sustained independence during aging. Although insight is often purported to be related to executive functioning (EF), nuanced understanding of the cognitive correlates of insight for functional abilities among nondemented older adults is lacking. Because insight shares neuroanatomic underpinnings with time-based prospective memory (PM), the present study examined the contributions of time-based PM, beyond event-based PM and other potential cognitive confounds (i.e., episodic memory, time estimation, and EF), in predicting insight into one’s own performance on instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) among community-dwelling older adults.

Method:

A group of 88 nondemented, community-dwelling older adults completed performance-based measures of time- and event-based PM, episodic memory, time estimation, and EF, as well as IADL tasks followed by self-appraisals of their own IADL performance as indices of insight.

Results:

Time-based PM was moderately-to-strongly associated with insight, beyond event-based PM, time estimation, and episodic memory [F(1,83) = 11.58, p = .001, ηp2 = .122], as well as beyond EF and demographic covariates [F(1,79) = 10.72, p = .002, ηp2 = .119].Specifically, older adults who performed more poorly on a time-based PM task overestimated the efficiency of their own IADL performance to a greater extent.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest that nondemented older adults with poorer time-based PM may be more prone to inaccurately appraising their functional abilities and that this vulnerability may not be adequately captured by traditional EF measures.

Keywords

Metacognitioninstrumental activities of daily livingprospective memoryagingexecutive functioninginsight
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 31 , Issue 1 , January 2025 , pp. 11 - 21
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of International Neuropsychological Society

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