Abbreviations

ACFI

Agreements on Cooperation and Facilitation of Investments

ACP

African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States

AfCFTA

African Continental Free Trade Area

APEC

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

APEX

Trade and Investment Promotion Agency

ASEAN

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

BBBEE

broad-based black economic empowerment

BITs

bilateral investment treaties

BJP

Bharatiya Janata Party

BRI

Belt and Road Initiative

BRICS

Brazil, Russia, Indonesia, China, South Africa

CAI

EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment

CAMEX

Council of Ministers of the Brazilian Chamber of Foreign Trade

CEC

Council on Trade Strategy

CETA

EU-Canada Comprehensive and Economic Trade Agreement

CGE

Computable General Equilibrium

CIA

EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment

CFIUS

Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States

CIPA

China Investment Promotion Agency

CJEU

Court of Justice of the European Union

CNI

National Confederation of Industry

COFACE

Compagnie Française d’Assurance pour le Commerce Extérieur

CONINV

National Committee of Investment

COVID-19

coronavirus disease

CPTPP

Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership

CSR

Corporate Social Responsibility

DCs

developing countries

DESTA

Design of Trade Agreements

DG

Directorate-General

DIO

Direct Investment Ombudsperson

DSM

Dispute Settlement Mechanism

DSU

Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes

EC

European Commission

ECGD

Export Credits Guarantee Department

ECOWAS

Economic Community of West Africa States

EDC

Export Development Canada

EDIT

Electronic Database of Investment Treaties

EFIC

Export Finance Australia

EFSD+

European Fund for Sustainable Development +

EIB

European Investment Bank

EIP

European External Investment Plan

EPZs

export processing zones

ESA

Eastern and South Africa

EU

European Union

EU27

EU without the UK

FDI

foreign direct investment

FET

fair and equitable treatment

FICM

First National Foreign Investment Complaint Mechanism

FIFD

Friends of Investment Facilitation for Development

FIL

Foreign Investment Law

FIRRMA

Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act

FTA

free trade agreement

FTAA

Free Trade Area of the Americas

FTZs

free trade zones

G20

Group of 20

GATS

General Agreement on Trade in Services

GATT

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GECEX

CAMEX Executive Committee

GPA

Agreement on Government Procurement

GTAP

Global Trade Analysis Project

GVCs

global value chains

ICSID

International Center for the Settlement of Investment Dispute

ICT

information and communication technology

IE

indirect expropriation

IFD

investment facilitation for development

IFI

Investment Facilitation Index

IGM

Investment Grievance Mechanism

IIAs

international investment agreements

ILO

International Labor Organization

INTPA

Directorate-General for International Partnerships

IP

investment promotion

IPAs

investment promotion agencies

ISA

Investor-State Arbitration

ISDS

investor-state dispute settlements

IT

information technology

ITO

International Trade Organization

IWG-NPC

Inter-Ministerial Working Group-National Contact Point

JIEPA

Japan-Indonesia Economic Partnership Agreement

JSI

Joint Statement Initiative

LDCs

least-developed countries

LIF

low-income and middle-income countries

MAI

Multilateral Agreement on Investment

MBP

movement of business people

MC

WTO Ministerial Conference

MDGs

Millennium Development Goals

MENA

Middle East and North Africa

MERCOSUR

Mercado Común del Sur

MFN

most-favored nation

MIKTA

Mexico, Indonesia, Korea, Turkey, and Australia

MNEs

multinational enterprises

MOFCOM

Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China

MOUs

Memorandums of Understanding

MSMEs

micro, small, and medium enterprises

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement

NDICI

Neighborhood, Development, and International Cooperation Instrument

NEXI

Nippon Export Investment Insurance

NGOs

nongovernmental organizations

NPC

National People’s Congress

NTBs

non-tariff barriers

OACPS

Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States

OBOR

One Belt One Road

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OFDI

overseas foreign direct investment

OPIC

Overseas Private Investment Corporation

PCA

Partnership and Cooperation Agreements

PTAs

preferential trade agreements

PwC

PricewaterhouseCoopers

RBC

responsible business conduct

RCEP

Reginal Comprehensive Economic Partnership

RtD

right to development

SAR

special administrative region

SCM Agreement

Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures

SDT

special and differential treatment

SDGs

Sustainable Development Goals

SDR

services domestic regulation

SERV

Swiss Export Risk Insurance

SEW

single electronic window

SEZs

special economic zones

SINOSURE

China Export and Credit Insurance Corporation

SINVE

Secretariat of Foreign Investment

SOEs

state-owned enterprises

SPS

Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

SSA

Sub-Saharan Africa

TBT

Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade

TF

Trade Facilitation

TFA

Trade Facilitation Agreement

TPP

Trans-Pacific Partnership

TRIMs

Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures

TRIPS

Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Right

TTIP

Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership

UAE

United Arab Emirates

UNCITRAL

United Nations Commission of International Trade Law

UNCTAD

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

US

United States

USMCA

United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement

WAIPA

World Association of Investment Promotion Agencies

WB

World Bank

WTO

World Trade Organization