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Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 October 2025

Alice Hicklin ,
Steffen Patzold ,
Bastiaan Waagmeester  and
Charles West
Alice Hicklin
Affiliation:
King’s College London
Steffen Patzold
Affiliation:
Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
Bastiaan Waagmeester
Affiliation:
Freie Universität Berlin
Charles West
Affiliation:
University of Edinburgh

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Type
Chapter
Information
Local Priests in the Latin West, 900–1050 , pp. 293 - 298
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025
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4 Subjects

This register contains references to terms, concepts and source material that are central to this book. Names, places and manuscripts are not mentioned but can be found in Indices 1 2 and 3. The terms ‘priest’ and ‘bishop’ have not been indexed, as they feature so frequently that it would serve no purpose. Naturally, aspects related to both clerical offices have been included. Page numbers in italics indicate that the indexed reference is found in the footnotes and not in the main body of the text.

alms, 83, 114, 126
annona, See pension
anointing the sick, See unction, extreme
archdeacons, 153, 155, 157, 160, 186, 192, 194, 211–212
archpriests, 135, 157, 186, 195
baptism, 28, 63, 146–147, 157, 163, 166, 196, See also priests, understanding and performance of office
confirmation, 176
beneficium, 51, 74, 84
bishops, See also ecclesiastical discipline
episcopal authority, 168–169, 171, 221
episcopal responsibility, 192, 205
governance, 200, 204, 206, 216
sacerdos (as terminology), See priests
understanding and performance of office, 7, 178, 192
boni homines, See Sendgericht, truthful men; comital courts, scabini
bunuaria, 56, 62, See also land measures
burial fees, 62, 79–82, 86, 217
burial practice, 79, 110
canones, 25, 76, 157, 167, 183, 185, 189–190, 196–197, 199, 204, 208, 211
Ansegis of Fontenelle, Collectio capitularium, 61, 196, 201
Burchard of Worms, Decretum, 76, 131, 135, 144, 144, 146, 150, 163, 200, 213
Collectio 4 librorum, 196, 200
Collectio 17 titulorum, 189
Collectio 77 capitulorum, 189, 196, 196, 200
Collectio 234 capitulorum, 196, 197, 207, 209
Canones apostolorum, 25, 137
Canones in causa Apiarii, 61
Collectio Dacheriana, 201, 203, 207
Collectio Dionysio-Hadriana, 23–26, 191
Collectio duodecim partium, 213
Collection of Salzburg, 196
Lorraine collection, 189, 196, 196–197
(Pseudo-)Remedius of Chur, Collectio canonum, 196
Regino of Prüm, Libri duo de synodalibus causis, 16, 55–66, 76, 79, 170, 178, 181–182, 183–184, 187, 191, 195, 199–201, 203–206, 213
canons, clerical, 5, 32, 33, 37, 127, 130, 148, 160, 162, 192, 219, 221
capitularies, 76, 196, 215
Admonitio generalis (789), 177, 201
Capitula e canonibus excerpta (813), 177
Capitulare Aquisgranense (801–813 or 828/9), 177
Capitulare septimanicum apud Tolosam datum (844), 185
Karlmanni principis capitulare (742), 176
Karoli Magni capitulare primum (787?), 177
Louis the Pious, of
no. 8 (818/19), 56, 70, 207
no. 42 (829), 83
Pippini principis capitulare Suessionense (744), 177
Toulouse (844), 135
casale, 100, 110, See also farmsteads
celibacy, clerical, 10, 105, 129
cerarii, 57–58, 72, 82
chaplains, 32, 33, 193
charters, 17, 33–34, 40–44, 57, 67, 79–81, 83, 90, 141, 144, 145, 147–148, 150, 162, 165, 168, 171, 185
Codex Egilberti, 73
draftsmen, 91, 94–96, 98, 100, 105, 107, 112, 115, 118, 128, 149
traditiones of Freising, 67, 69
traditiones of St. Emmeram, 73
witness gender gap, 91
chronicles, 18
Chronicle of Saint-Maixent, 140
Gregory of Tours, Decem libri historiarum, 47
Hermann of Reichenau, Chronicon, 140
Thietmar of Merseburg, Chronicon, 32, 140, 185
churches, See also titulus
as sources of income, 49–51, 125
building materials, 65
building upkeep, 59, 80, 209
competition for, 66
diversity of revenue, 210, 219
estimated figures, 28, 82
lay ownership of, 50, 210
libertas ecclesiae, 48, 50, 54, 86, 224
ownership and transfer, 125–128
wealth accumulation, 46–49, See also social mobility
wealth redistribution, 46–47, 59
clergy
nobilis, 69
proprius, 69–71
unfree, 70, See also priests, unfreedom
clergy, minor, 23, 64, See also exorcists; doorkeepers; lectors and subdeacons
comital courts, 177, 180
scabini, 179
deacons, 22, 25, 39, 64, 104, 112, 123, 149, 179, 207, 208, 218
deans, 134–135, 170, 182
decretals, 24, 76, 196
J3 1270, 59
J3 5021, 145
JE 1843, 207, 209, 242
JE †2709, 242
JE 2710, 198, 207, 208, 242
JK 402, 70
JL 3949, 232
JL 3951, 232
Pseudo-Isidorian, 155
demons, 39, See also Index 1: Leutard
diocesan synods, 16, 136–170, 190, 194–195, 207–208, 211–212, 216, 222
absence of the bishop, 144
attendance of, 144–149
chrism collection, 146, 162
collective prayer at, 158–160
dispute settlement, 149–152, 168
education at, 156–158
episcopal dominance, 166–170
frequency of, 144
payment of dues at, 160–163, 171
sermons at, See sermons, Admonitio Synodalis and Libellus de asidua predicatione
socialising at, 163–166
synodal statutes, 136, See episcopal statutes
terminology, 208
travel towards, 75, 149, 156, 219
disputes, 59, 121, See also diocesan synods
between priests and family members, 99
settlement via trial by ordeal, 152
doorkeepers, 64
ecclesiastical discipline, 16, 174, 178, 190, 192–195, 199, 203–206, 211, 221
education, 83, See also priests and diocesan synods
cathedral schools, 23, 205
monastic schools, 23, 205
Eigenkirchen model, 8, 49–51, 85–86, 174
Eigenkirchenrecht, 222
Eigenkirchenwesen, 223
episcopal statutes, 7, 16, 76, 79, 136, 140, 145, 169, 171, 192, 195, 195, 197, 211, 215–216
Atto of Vercelli, 17, 133, 138, 157
Capitula Antwerpensia, 17
Capitula Cottoniana, 17, 133
Capitula Helmstadensia, 17
Capitula Monacansia, 210
Capitula Ottoboniana, 17
Capitula Reginensia, 17
Capitula Sangallensia, 17, 134, 138, 210, 220
Capitula Trecensia, 17
Gerbald of Liège 1, 197, 209
Gerbald of Liège 2, 177, 180
Haito of Basel, 197
Herard of Tours, 208–209
Hincmar of Reims 1, 201
Hincmar of Reims 2, 61, 183, 186, 209, 209
Hincmar of Reims 3, 133, 184
Hincmar of Reims 5, 184
Radulf of Bourges, 60–61, 63–64, 66
Ruotger of Trier, 17, 55, 60–61, 63–64, 66, 76, 79, 133, 138, 157
Theodulf of Orléans 1, 99, 207, 209
Theodulf of Orléans 2, 181
epistola formata, See litterae formatae
excommunication, 49, 157, 163, 167, 184, 184
exorcists, 22
farmsteads, 56, 67, 70, 72, 117, 218, See also huba; mansus and casale
feudal society, 47, 52–53, 85
feudum, 52
formulae, 98, 134
friendship, 58, 87, 164, 166, 211
gesta episcoporum, 7
Gesta Aldrici, 31
Le Mans, of, 171
gifts, 50, 60, 62, 79–80, 82, 86, 210
formalisation of gift giving, 79–81
godparents, 87
hagiography, 18, 192
De sancti Eugenii Toletani episcopi virtutibus magnificis, 140
De translationis corporis S. Hunegundis virginis apud Viromanduos, 141
Ex miraculis sancti Marci, 140
Liber miraculorum sancte Fidis, 141, 150
Miracula sancti Benedicti, 63, 124
Miracula Wigperti, 34–38
Vita Adalberonis II Mettensis, 31
Vita Dodonis, 135
Vita et passio sancti Abbonis, 78
Vita Godehardi, 167
Vita Haimeradi, 32
Vita Johannis Gorziensis, 38–40
Vita Mathildis reginae antiquior, 37
Vita Meinwerci episcopi Patherbrunnensis, 74, 141
Vita sancti Wolfkangi, 155
Vita Uodalrici, 27, 180, 185, 216
handbooks
compilers, 197, 207, 210
for bishops, 17, 174, 181, 187–210, 213, 222, See also canones, Regino of Prüm, Libri duo de synodalibus causis
for priests, 23, 154, 216
practical use, 198–199, See also traces of use in manuscripts
tables of contents, 199
Hincmar of Reims, Collectio de ecclesiis et capellis, 160, 163
hospitality, 63, 83, 186, 200, See also priests, expenses of
Hrabanus Maurus
De institutione clericorum, 23
letter to Humbert, 196, 201, 207
letter to Reginbald, 196, 201, 205, 207
huba, See farmsteads
incest, 62, 181, 196, 207
inheritance, 61–62, 64–69, 71–72, 91, 95, 109, 114, 120
inquisitio, 179–180
investiture, 53, 80
Isidore of Seville, De officiis ecclesiasticis, 22
Islam, 156, 162
land measures, See bunuaria; Morgen and yokes
lectors, 22, 64
leges
Lex Alamannorum, 46
Lex Baiwariorum, 46
Lehnswesen, 51–52, 85
Lehnrecht, 52
library catalogues, 191
litterae formatae, 39
liturgy, 27, 36, 54, 60, 143, See also ordines
loans, 63, 153
mancipia, See unfree people
mansus, 56, 58, See farmsteads
manuals, See handbooks
marriage, clerical, 11, 18, 25, 88, 131, 207, 210
defence of, 215
Mass, 21–22, 27, 32–34, 36, 64, 93, 133, 158, 177, 180, See also priests, understanding and performance of office
miracula, See hagiography
monks, 32, 73, 75, 83, 109, 111, 117, 127, 148, 160
Morgen, 74, See also land measures
munera, See gifts
Nicolaitism, 18, 53
northmen, 40, 141, 192
nuns, 36, 38–39
oath swearing, 11, 150, 152, 178, 180, 194, 211, 222, See also Sendgericht, witnesses
by laypeople, 182, 204
Klerikereid, 222
oblates (pueri oblati), 64
oblations, See gifts
Ordinals of Christ, 23
ordines, synodal, 18, 142–144, 146, 157
Ordo 2, 159, 164
Ordo 2C, 143, 147, 149, 150, 157–158
Ordo 2D, 138, 143, 146, 149
Ordo 5, 143–144, 146, 146, 149, 157–159, 159, 164
Ordo 5B, 146, 159
Ordo 5C, 149, 159
Ordo 5D, 149
Ordo 13, 143, 144, 159, 164–165, 169
Ordo 14, 137, 143–144, 144, 146–147, 149, 150, 153, 157, 158, 159, 165, 169
Ordo 15, 143–144, 146–147, 149, 153, 157, 159, 165, 169
Ordo 16, 143, 146, 159, 165, 169
Ordo 17, 143, 146–147, 149–150, 153, 157, 159, 165, 169
Ordo 18, 137, 143, 153, 165
Ordo 22, 143, 146–147, 150, 153, 153, 157
Ordo 24, 143
Ordo 25, 143
Ordo 28, 137, 143–144, 147, 153, 159, 165, 169
Ordo 29, 143, 161
Ordo 30, 165
orphans, care for, 63, See also priests, expenses of
Otloh of St. Emmeram, Liber visionum, 141
parish, 9, 10, 14, 44, 56, 60, 72, 80, 150–152, 180, 224
parrochia, 5, 10, 64, 80, 152, 176, 178, 180, 186, See also parish
pastoral care, 27, 32–33, 37–38, 44, 83, 126, 146–147, 178
patrimony, See inheritance
penance, 126, 184, 198, See also priests, understanding and performance of office
ordines, 198, 206
penitentials, 189, 191, 197, 211
Halitgar of Cambrai, 196, 198–199, 201, 207, 210
Hrabanus Maurus, Paenitentiale ad Heribaldum, 197, 199–201
Paenitentiale Trecense, 198
Pseudo-Bedae-Egberti, 198–199, 205
Pseudo-Theodore, 198
pension, 73–74
polemical writings, See Streitschriften
poor, care for the, 47, 63, 83, 209, See also priests, expenses of
population growth, 82, 219
praemium, See gifts
precarial grants, 51, 57, 121, 123
presbiterissa, See priests, companions
presbiterium, 83–85, See also priests, sources of income
Priesterbild, 12, 54, 171
priests
absolute ordination, 24, 26, 219
agency of, 14, 51, 53–55, 66–75, 85, 171, 214, 222–225
associations of, 132, 160
celibacy, See celibacy, clerical
children of, 106–116, 131, 167, 219
church ownership by, 219–220, See churches, ownership and transfer
companions, 90, 104–116, 129, 207, 215, 219
demotion of, 61
diversity among, 34–44, 66, 72, 220
education of, 23, 93, 192, See also prerequisites for ordination
elites, as local, 64, 75, 92, 215, 218
estimated figures, 28–30
expenses of, 63–64, 75, 219, See also poor, care for the; hospitality; orphans, care for; clergy, minor; diocesan synods and payment dues
families of, 207, 215
family property management by, 90, 215
father-son dynamic, 102–104
interaction with the bishop, 14, 83, 164, 185, 212–213, 219
living separately from companion, 25, 104, 129, 207, 219
marriage, See marriage, clerical
monks, as, 32, 33
mother-son dynamic, 97–99
notaries, as, 94
ordination of, 22–23, 31, 36, 40, 94, 96, 136, 136, 149, 200, 222
parents, and their, 94–104
prerequisites for ordination, 25, 70, 154, 180, 194, 211, 219
presbyter (as terminology), 15, 21–22, 33, 69
proprius presbyter, 69–71
purity, 54, 129, 156
sacerdos (as terminology), 15, 21, 33, 137, 171
sexual intercourse, 25, 129
siblings, of, 116–124
sources of income, 55–66, 160, 209, See farmsteads; unfree people; cerarii; gifts; tithes; loans; burial fees and presbiteria
uncle-nephew dynamic, 90, 116–124, 164
understanding and performance of office, 22, 27, 154, 158–159, 194–195, 212, 217, 219, See also Mass; baptism; penance; unction, extreme and viaticum
unfreedom of, 70, 92, 175
wives, See priests, companions
proprietary church, See Eigenkirchen model
provincial councils, 137, 140–141, 219
reform
Carolingian, 216, 223
Gregorian, See reform, papal
papal, 2, 8, 10–12, 14, 49, 53, 86, 223–224
resistance to, 10
regulae formatarum, 149, 193
relics, 37, 150
Salzehnten, See tithes, demesne
seigneurial levy, 77
Sendgericht, 56, 63, 66, 153, 204, 216–217, 219, 222, See also handbooks, for bishops and visitation
administration of justice, 176, 179, 182, 194, 213
Augsburger Sendordnung, 28, 182–184, 194, 197, 213
exchange of ideas, 204–206
function and development, 178–181
judgement via trial by ordeal, 184
judicial court, as, 16, 178–179, 181, 211
Kölner Sendordnung, 182
Libri duo de synodalibus causis, See canones
ordines, 173, 179, 182, 194, 206, 211, See also Augsburger Sendordnung and Kölner Sendordnung
synodal sermons, See sermons
terminology, 173, 180, 194, 208
texts for the, 194–196
truthful men, 100, 181–183
witnesses, 178–181, 194, 211, See also oath swearing and Sendgericht, truthful men
Sendhandbuch, See canones, Regino of Prüm, Libri duo de synodalibus causis
sepultura, See burial fees
serfs, 59, 204
sermons, 17, 146, 153–158, 171, 209
Ademar of Chabannes, 144, 146, 149, 155–157, 160, 162, 163, 164, 166, 186, See also Index 3: Berlin, Staatsbibliothek – Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Phillipps 1664
Admonitio sacerdotum, 195
Admonitio Synodalis, 17, 33, 131, 133, 146, 149, 154–156, 164, 167, 195, 209, 213, 216–218, 221–222
Ammonicione ad presbiteros, 195
Caesarius of Arles, 209
Libellus de adsidua predicatione, 154
Sermo synodalis, 195, 213
synodal sermons, 195–196
simony, 14, 48, 53, 65, 79, 163
sinodalia, See diocesan synods and payment dues
social mobility, 123–124, 128, 130
spatialisation, See territorialisation
Spielraum, See priest, agency
Streitschriften, 18
Abbo of Fleury, Apologeticus, 144
Bernold of Konstanz, Libelli Bernaldi presbyteri monachi, 26, 31, 54
subdeacons, 22, 149, 207, 218
synodal ordines, 160, 169, 171, 173, 194, 206–208, 211, See also Sendgericht, Augsburger Sendordnung and Kölner Sendordnung
territorialisation, 8–10, 135, 223
tithes, 50, 58–60, 66, 72, 76–78, 82, 84, 150–152, 168, 208–210, 212, 215, 218, 221
complexification, 76–78, 85, 217, 220
demesne, 78
division, 209, See churches, wealth redistribution
nona et decima, 51
payment in kind, 60
record keeping, 209, 220
titulus, 24, 26, See also priests, absolute ordination
traces of use in manuscripts
additions, 199
corrections, 200
marginal annotations, 114, 134, 197, 201
neumes, 201
trial by ordeal, See disputes and Sendgericht
unction, extreme, 28, See also priests, understanding and performance of office
unfree people, 56, 58, 60, 70, 74
viaticum, 166, See also priests, understanding and performance of office
vicus publicus, 56
vikings, See northmen
villa, 56, 72, 77, 92
violence, 53, 149, 178
visitation, 157, 176–178, 185, 197, 211
concilia, 27
paratum, See diocesan synods and payment dues
to preserve orthodoxy, 176–178
vitae, See hagiography
Walahfrid Strabo, Libellus de exordiis et incrementis quarundam in observationibus ecclesiasticis rerum, 182
yokes, 67, 71, 73, See also land measures

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  • Subjects
  • Alice Hicklin, King’s College London, Steffen Patzold, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany, Bastiaan Waagmeester, Freie Universität Berlin, Charles West, University of Edinburgh
  • Book: Local Priests in the Latin West, 900–1050
  • Online publication: 31 October 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009575379.013
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  • Subjects
  • Alice Hicklin, King’s College London, Steffen Patzold, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany, Bastiaan Waagmeester, Freie Universität Berlin, Charles West, University of Edinburgh
  • Book: Local Priests in the Latin West, 900–1050
  • Online publication: 31 October 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009575379.013
Available formats
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  • Subjects
  • Alice Hicklin, King’s College London, Steffen Patzold, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany, Bastiaan Waagmeester, Freie Universität Berlin, Charles West, University of Edinburgh
  • Book: Local Priests in the Latin West, 900–1050
  • Online publication: 31 October 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009575379.013
Available formats
×