The two papers in this special issue both look at the problems that small economies face in participating in the world trading system. For Winters and Martins (W&M) small means small in population; they motivate their analysis with reference to the 82 countries with the smallest population, accounting collectively for less than 0.5% of world population. Many of these countries are also remote, making trade costly. For Mattoo and Subramanian (M&S) the focus is on countries that are small and poor; their list covers the 73 countries which each account for less than 0.05% of world imports and which also have low income. They investigate the engagement of these countries in the WTO. My comments will address both papers, although focus on W&M.