Hostname: page-component-7f64f4797f-m2b9p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-11-04T04:24:07.225Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Insects as feed: species selection and their potential use in Brazilian poultry production

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 October 2017

G. ALLEGRETTI ,
V. SCHMIDT  and
E. TALAMINI
G. ALLEGRETTI*
Affiliation:
Center for Studies and Research in Agribusiness (CEPAN), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) - Brazil
V. SCHMIDT
Affiliation:
Center for Studies and Research in Agribusiness (CEPAN), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) - Brazil
E. TALAMINI
Affiliation:
Center for Studies and Research in Agribusiness (CEPAN), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) - Brazil
*
Corresponding author: gabica14@hotmail.com
Get access

Abstract

The growing global demand for soybeans due to its different uses and by-products, as well as its use in the diet of several livestock species, is forcing the industry to seek alternative protein sources. Environmental concerns related to huge volumes of poultry manure serve as a warning for the choice of more sustainable production systems. Thus, the current review investigates the processing of an insect meal as an alternative protein source to feed broilers. The five desirable features in the selection of insect species proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) show that the high productivity of biomass, feed conversion efficiency and the organic waste conversion capacity from poultry farms is aided by the use of larvae from housefly and black soldier fly species. Brazilian production of such insects is possible due to climatic and environmental conditions and has the potential to supply part of the protein demands of the Brazilian poultry industry when raised in controlled environments. The prevalence of tropical climatic conditions and the possible use of organic waste from poultry farms as substrate can mitigate some environmental issues as well as generate income to smallholder farms prevailing in this activity.

Keywords

insectsunconventionalfeed ingredientBrazilianpoultry

Information

Type
Reviews
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 73 , Issue 4 , December 2017 , pp. 928 - 937
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

ANIEBO, A.O., ERONDU, E.S. and OWEN, O.J. (2008) Proximate composition of housefly larvae (Musca domestica) meal generated from mixture of cattle blood and wheat bran. Livestock Research for Rural Development 20 (12): 205.Google Scholar
ANIEBO, A.O. and OWEN, O.J. (2010) Effects of age and method of drying on the proximate composition of housefly larvae (Musca domestica Linnaeus) Meal (HFLM). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 9: 485-487.Google Scholar
BARNARD, D.R., HARMS, R.H. and SLOAN, D.R. (1998) Biodegradation of poultry manure by house fly (Diptera: Muscidae). Environmental Entomology 27: 600-605.Google Scholar
BELLAVER, C. and PALHARES, C.P. (2003) Uma visão sustentável sobre a utilização da cama de aviário. Avicultura Industrial 6: 14-18.Google Scholar
BORGES, M.A.Z. (2006) Flutuação populacional de dípteros muscóides (Dipetera: Muscomorpha), parasitoides e foréticos predadores Igarapé, MG. Ph D Thesis, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil, 103p.Google Scholar
CICKOVA, H., PASTOR, B., KOZÁNEK, M., MARTINEZ-SÁNCHEZ, A., ROJO, S. and TAKÁC, P. (2012) Biodegradation of pig manure by the housefly, Musca domestica: A viable ecological strategy for pig manure management. PlosOne 7: 1-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
CORREA, J.C. and MIELE, M. (2011) A cama de aves e os aspectos agronômicos, ambientais e econômicos, in: PALHARES, J.C.P. & KUNZ, A. (Ed.) Manejo ambiental na avicultura, 2011. Concórdia: Embrapa Suínos e Aves, pp. 125-152. (Embrapa Suínos e Aves. Documentos, 149).Google Scholar
DIENER, S., ZURBRÜGG, C. and TOCKNER, K. (2009) Conversion of organic material by black soldier fly larvae: establishing optimal feeding rates. Waste Management & Research 27: 603-610.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DIENER, S., ZURBRÜGG, C., GUTIÉRREZ, F.R., NGUYEN, D.H., MOREL, A., KOOTTATEP, T. and TOCKNER, K. (2011) Black soldier fly larvae for organic waste treatment - Prospects and constraints. Proceedings of the Waste Safe 2011 - 2nd International Conference on Solid Waste Management in the Developing Countries, Khulna, Bangladesh, 52p.Google Scholar
EL BOUSHY, A.R. (1991) House-fly pupae as poultry manure converters for animal feed: a review. Bioresource Technology 38: 45-49.Google Scholar
ERENS, J., VAN ES, S., HAVERKORT, F., KAPSOMENOU, E. and LUIJBEN, A. (2012) A bug's life - Large-scale insect rearing in relation to animal welfare. Wageningen, UR, 57p.Google Scholar
ERICKSON, M.C., ISLAM, M., SHEPPARD, C., LIAO, J. and DOYLE, M.P. (2004) Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in chicken manure by larvae of the black soldier fly. Journal of Food Protection 67: 685-690.Google Scholar
GEDEN, C.J. (1990) Coleopteran and acarine predators of house-fly in poultry production systems, in: RUTZ, D.A. & PATTERSON, R.S. (Eds) Biocontrol of arthropods affecting livestock and poultry, pp. 317 (Westview, Boulder, CO).Google Scholar
HARDOUIN, J. and MAHOUX, G. (2003) Zootechnied'insectes - Elevage et utilisation au bénéfice de l'homme et de certainsanimaux. -Bureau pour l'Echange et la Distribution de l'Informationsur le Mini-élevage. BEDIM, Gembloux, Belgium.Google Scholar
HEUZÉ, V. and TRAN, G. (2013) Housefly maggot meal. Feedipedia.org. A programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. http://www.feedipedia.org/node/671.Google Scholar
HWANGBO, J., HONG, E.C., JANG, A., KANG, H.K., OH, J.S., KIM, B.W. and PARK, B.S. (2009) Utilisation of housefly-maggots, a feed supplement in the production of broiler chickens. Journal of Environmental Biology 30: 609-614.Google Scholar
IBGE - INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA (2014) Sistema IBGE de recuperação automática. http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/listabl.asp?z=t&o=1&i=P&c=1094.Google Scholar
KEIDING, J. (1999) Review of the global status and recent development of insecticide resistance in field populations of the housefly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 89: 67.Google Scholar
KENIS, M., KONÉ, N., CHRYSOSTOME, C.A.A.M., DEVIC, E., KOKO, G.K.D., CLOTTEY, V.A., NACAMBO, S. and MENSAH, G.A. (2014) Insect used for animal feed in West Africa. Entomologia 2 (218): 107-114.Google Scholar
KHUSRO, M., ANDREW, N.R. and NICHOLAS, A. (2012) Insects as poultry feed: a scoping study for poultry production systems in Australia. World´s Poultry Science Journal 68: 435-446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LI, Q., ZHENG, L., HOU, Y. and YU, Z. (2011) Insect fat, a promising resource for biodiesel. Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology S2: 1-6.Google Scholar
MAC EVILLY, C. (2000) Bugs in the system. Nutrition Bulletin 25: 267-268.Google Scholar
MAKKAR, H.P.S., TRAN, G., HEUZÉ, V. and ANKERS, P. (2014) State-of-art on use of insect as animal feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology 197: 1-33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MENDES, J. and LINHARES, A.X. (1999) Diapause, pupariation sites and parasitism of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans, in southeastern Brazil. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 13: 185-190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MILLER, B.F., TEOTIA, J.S. and THATCHER, T.O. (1974) Digestion of poultry manure by Musca domestica . British Poultry Science 15: 231-234.Google Scholar
MYERS, H.M., TOMBERLIN, J.K., LAMBERT, B.D. and KATTES, D. (2008) Development of black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae fed dairy manure. Environmental Entomology 37: 11-15.Google Scholar
NEWTON, L., SHEPPARD, C., WATSON, D.W., BURTLE, G. and DOVE, R. (2005) Using the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens, as a value-added tool for the management of swine manure. In: Report for Mike Williams, Director of the animal and poultry waste management center. North Carolina State University, 17p.Google Scholar
NOORMAN, N. (2001) Pheromones of the housefly: a chemical and behavioural study. Ph D Thesis, University of Groningen, The Netherlands, 127p.Google Scholar
OGUNJI, J.O., KLOAS, W., WIRTH, M., SCHULZ, C. and RENNERT, B. (2006) Housefly maggot meal (Magmeal): an emerging substitute of fishmeal in tilapia diets. Tropentag 2006. Hohenheim. http://www.tropentag.de/2006/abstracts/full/76.pdf.Google Scholar
OONINCX, D.G.A.B., VAN ITTERBEECK, J., HEETKAMP, M.J.W., VAN DEN BRAND, H., VAN LOON, J.J.A. and VAN HUIS, A. (2010) An exploration on greenhouse gas and ammonia production by insect species suitable for animal or human consumption. PloS One 5: 1-7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
OONINCX, D.G.A.B. and DE BOER, I.J.M. (2012) Environmental impact of the production of mealworms as protein source for humans - a Life Cycle Assessment. PloS One 7: 1-5.Google Scholar
PRETORIUS, Q. (2011) The evaluation of larvae of Musca domestica (common housefly) as protein source for broiler production. Thesis (MScAgric (Animal Science)). University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, 95p.Google Scholar
SANCHES-MUROS, M-J., BARROSO, F.G. and MANZANO-AGUGLIARO, F. (2014) Insect meal as renewable source of food for animal feeding: a review. Journal of Cleaner Production 65: 16-27.Google Scholar
SCHERER, E.E., NESI, C.N. and MASSOTTI, Z. (2010) Atributos químicos do solo influenciados por sucessivas aplicações de dejetos suínos em áreas agrícolas da Região Oeste Catarinense. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 34: 1375-1383.Google Scholar
SHEPPARD, D.C., NEWTON, G.L., THOMPSON, S.A. and SAVAGE, S. (1994) A value added manure management system using the black soldier fly. Bioresources Technology 50: 275-279.Google Scholar
SHEPPARD, D.C., TOMBERLIN, J.K., JOYCE, J.A., KISER, B.C. and SUMNER, S.M. (2002) Rearing methods for the black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Journal of Medical Entomology 39: 695-698.Google Scholar
SMIL, V. (2002) Worldwide transformation of diets, burdens of meat production and opportunities for novel food proteins. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 30: 305-311.Google Scholar
SOGBESAN, A.O., AJUONU, N., MUSA, B.O. and ADEWOLE, A.M. (2006) Harvesting techniques and evaluation of maggot meal as animal dietary protein source for Heteoclariasin outdoor concrete tanks. World Journal of Agricultural Science 4: 394-402.Google Scholar
SWIATKIEWICZ, S., SWIATKIEWCZ, M., ARCZEWSKA-WLOSEKK, A. and JOZEFIAK, D. (2015) Chitosan and its oligosaccharide derivatives (chito-oligosaccharides) as feed supplements in poultry and swine nutrition. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 99: 1-12.Google Scholar
TOMBERLIN, J.K., SHEPPARD, D.C. and JOYCE, J.A. (2002) Susceptibility of black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae and adults to four insecticides. Journal of Economic Entomology 95: 598-602.Google Scholar
UBABEF - UNIÃO BRASILEIRA DE AVICULTURA (2014) Relatório Anual 2014. 105p. http://www.ubabef.com.br/files/publicacoes/8ca705e70f0cb110ae3aed67d29c8842.pdf.Google Scholar
VAARST, M., STEENFELDT, S. and HORSTED, K. (2015) Sustainable development perspectives of poultry production. World´s Poultry Science Journal 71: 609-620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VAN HUIS, A. (2013) Potential of insects as food and feed in assuring food security. Annual Review of Entomology 58: 563-583.Google Scholar
VAN HUIS, A., ITTERBEECK, J.V., KLUNDER, H., MERTENS, E., HALLORAN, A., MUIR, G. and VANTOMME, P. (2013) Edible insects: future prospects for food and feed security. FAO Forestry Paper 171. Roma, Italia: FAO.Google Scholar
VANTOMME, P., MERTENS, E., VAN HUIS, A. and KLUNDER, H.C. (2012) Assessing the Potential of Insects as Food and Feed in assuring Food Security- Summary report. FAO (Ed.). Rome, 38p.Google Scholar
VAN ZANTEN, H.H.E., MOLLENHORST, H., OONINCX, D.G.A.B., BIKKER, P., MEERBURG, B.G. and DE BOER, I.J.M. (2015) From environmental nuisance to environmental opportunity: housefly larvae convert waste to livestock feed, Journal of Cleaner Production 102: 362-369.Google Scholar
VELDKAMP, T., VAN DUINKERKEN, G., VAN HUIS, A., IAKERMOND, C.M.M., OTTEVANGER, E., BOSCH, G. and VAN BOEKEL, M.A.J.S. (2012) Insect as a sustainable feed ingredient in pig and poultry diets - a feasible study. Wageningen UR Livestock Research - Report 638.Google Scholar
VOGEL, G. (2010) For more protein, filet of cricket. Science 327: 811-811.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
WEIGERT, S.C., FIGUEIREDO, M.R.C., LOEBMANN, D., NUNES, J.A.R. and SANTOS, A.L.G. (2002) Influência da temperature e do tipo de substrato na produção de larvas de Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Muscidae) . Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 5: 1886-1889.Google Scholar
ZHANG, J., HUANG, L., HE, J., TOMBERLIN, J.K., LI, J., LEI, C., SUN, M., LIU, Z. and YU, Z. (2010) An artificial light source influences mating and oviposition of black soldier flies, Hermetia illucens . Journal of Insect Science 10 (202): 1-7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed