Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-pnlb5 Total loading time: 0.001 Render date: 2025-10-31T05:12:26.520Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Direct assessment of nutrient resources in free-range and scavenging systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2007

E.B. Sonaiya
E.B. Sonaiya
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria, e-mail: fsonaiya@oauife.edu.ng
Get access

Abstract

The low-input:low-output scavenging systems in Africa, Asia and Latin America and the pastured and organic farming systems in Europe and North America depend on the free-range. Nutrient resources available in free-range and scavenging systems can be assessed by three parameters: Scavengeable Feed Resource Inventory (SFRI); Range Coverage (RC); and Scavengeable Feed Resource Harvest (SFRH). SFRI is estimated by 4 procedures: determination of the quantity of Household Leftovers (HHL) added to the range and determination of the quantity of scavengeable flora and fauna using Pitfall Traps; Transect Mappings; and Quadrants. RC is assessed by 3 procedures: visual inspection; physical space measurement; and automatic monitoring of birds by telemetry. SFRH, or the intake of scavengeable materials (HHL, plants, insects and metazoans) from the range, is estimated by applying 3 procedures to the content of the crops of scavenging birds: visual identification; physical separation and weighing; and chemical analysis. The assessment methods and parameters are still rudimentary and require a lot of improvement in accuracy and repeatability.

Keywords

free-rangescavengeable feednutrient assessmentmethods and parameters

Information

Type
Regional Report
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 60 , Issue 4 , December 2004 , pp. 523 - 535
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Cumming, R.B. (1992) The advantages of free choice feeding for village chickens. Proceedings 19th World's Poultry Congress Amsterdam, 3: 627–630.Google Scholar
Do Viet, Minh (1999) Effects of energy and protein supplementation on the production performance of local and improved scavenging hens in northern Vietnam. M.Sc. thesis, Dept of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.Google Scholar
Feltwell, R. and Fox, S. (1978) Practical Poultry Feeding. Faber and Faber Ltd., London, 36–49.Google Scholar
Fischer, M. (2002) Experiences on poultry zoonoses and animal welfare. Archiv für Geflügelkunde 66, Sonderheft II.Google Scholar
Gordon, S.H. and Forbes, M.J. (2002) Management factors affecting the use of pasture by table chickens in extensive production systems. In: Powell, et al (eds) UK Organic Research 2002: Proceedings of the COR Conference26–28 March 2002Aberystwyth, pp 264–272.Google Scholar
Gunaratne, S.P., Chandrasiri, A.D.N., Hemalatha, W.A.P. and Roberts, J.A. (1992) Productivity and nutrition of village chickens in Sri Lanka. In: Newcastle Disease in Village Chickens (Spradbrow, P.B., Ed), Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Canberra Proceedings No 39: 144–148.Google Scholar
Gunaratne, S.P., Chandrasiri, A.D.N., Hemalatha, W.A.P. and Roberts, J.A. (1993) Feed resource base for scavenging village chickens in Sri Lanka. Tropical Animal Health and Production 25: 249–257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harlander-Matauschek, A. (2002) Space use of free-range laying hens, their distribution on range and the influence of pop-holes. Archiv für Geflügelkunde 2002, 144, Sonderheft II.Google Scholar
Hegelund, L., KjAer, J., Kristensen, I.S. and Sorensen, J.T. (2002) Use of the outdoor area by hens in commercial organic egg production systems. Effect of climatic factors and cover. Archiv für Geflügelkunde, 2002, 141, Sonderheft II.Google Scholar
Janviriyasopak, O., Thitisak, W., Thepkraiwan, L., Jongsathlen, K., Mekapratheep, M., Von Kreudener, R. and Morris, R.S. (1989) A health and productivity study of village poultry. Proceedings International Seminar on Animal Health and Production Services for Village Livestock. Khon Kaen, Thailand, 161–171.Google Scholar
Kingston, D.J. and Cresswell, D.C. (1982) Indigenous chickens in Indonesia: population and production characteristics in five village in West Java. Research Institute for Animal Production, Bogor, Indonesia, Report No. 2: 3–8.Google Scholar
Kirsopp-Reed, K. (1994) Areview of PRA methods for livestock research and development. RRA Notes 20: 11–36.Google Scholar
Kitalyi, A.J. (1998) Village Chicken Production Systems in Africa. Household Food Security and Gender Issues, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Animal Production and Health Paper 142, Rome.Google Scholar
Larbeir, M. and Leclercq, C. (1992) Nutrition and Feeding of Poultry, Nottingham University Press, U.K.Google Scholar
National Research Council (1994) Nutrient requirement of poultry. Subcommittee on Poultry Nutrition. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Natural Resources Institute (1996) A Guide to Insect Pests of Nigerian Crops: Identification, Biology and Control, Chatham, U.K.Google Scholar
Obeng-Ofori, D. (1994) The behaviour of nine stored product beetles at pitfall trap arenas and their capture in millet. Entomological Experimentalis et Applicata 73: 39–50.Google Scholar
Obi, O. and Sonaiya, E.B. (1995) Gross margin analysis of small holder rural poultry production in Osun state. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 22: 95–107Google Scholar
Olukosi, O.A. (2002) A multisystem approach to the determination of the nutritional base for scavenging family poultry. MPhil Thesis, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.Google Scholar
Olukosi, O.A. and Sonaiya, E.B. (2003) Determination of the quantity of scavengeable feed for family poultry on free range. Livestock Research for Rural Development 15 (5).Google Scholar
Prawirokusumo, S. (1988) Problems to improve small scale native chickens management in South-east Asian countries. Proceedings XVIII World's Poultry CongressTokyo, Japan 113–116.Google Scholar
Roberts, J.A. (1992) The scavenging feed resource base in assessment of the productivity of scavenging chickens. In: Newcastle Disease in Village Chickens (Spradbrow, P.B., Ed), Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, Proceedings No 39: 29–32.Google Scholar
Roberts, J.A. (1997) Assessing the scavenging feed resource base for sustainable smallholder poultry development. In: Sustainable Rural Poultry Production in Africa, (Sonaiya, E.B., Ed), African Network for Rural Poultry Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 40–52.Google Scholar
Roberts, J.A. (1999) Utilisation of feed resources by small holders in the villages of developing countries. In: Poultry as a Tool in Poverty Eradication and Promotion of Gender Equality (Dolberg, F. and Petersen, P.H., Eds), The Danish Agricultural and Rural Development Adviser's Forum, Tune, Landboskole, Denmark, 311–335, www.ihh.kvl.dk/htm/php/tune99/28-Roberts.htmGoogle Scholar
Roberts, J.A. and Gunaratne, S.P. (1992) The scavenging feed resource base for village chickens in a developing country. Proceedings of the XIX World's Poultry CongressAmsterdam 1:20–24.Google Scholar
Roberts, J.A. and Senaratne, R. (1992) The successful introduction of hybrid egg laying chickens into a Sri Lankan village. Proceedings XIX World's Poultry CongressAmsterdam 1: 818–821.Google Scholar
Salatin, J. (1993) Pastured Poultry Profits. Polyface, Inc. Swoope, Virginia.Google Scholar
Sonaiya, E.B. (1995) Feed resources for small holder poultry in Nigeria. World Animal Review. 1: 25–33.www.fao.org/livestock/agap/war/warall/V4440b/v4440b0a.htmGoogle Scholar
Sonaiya, E.B. Ed. (1997) Sustainable Rural Poultry Production in Africa. African Network for Rural Poultry Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
Sonaiya, E.B. (2000) Family poultry and food security: Research requirements in science, technology and socioeconomics. (CD Proc. XXI World's Poultry CongressMontrealCanada code: s2.3.05.Google Scholar
Sonaiya, E.B., Dazogbo, J.S. and Olukosi, O.A. (2002a) Further assessment of scavenging feed resource base. In: Characteristics and Parameters of Family Poultry Production in Africa Results of a FAO/IAEA Coordinated Research Project (Dwinger, R., Ed), IAEA, Vienna, 193–200. www.iaea.or.at/programmes/nafa/d3/public/20-further-sonaiya.pdfGoogle Scholar
Sonaiya, E.B., Olukosi, O.A., Obi, O. and Ajuwon, K.M. (2002b) Vaccination and scavengeable feed resource assessment for village poultry. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Research Coordination Meeting of the FAO/IAEA Coordinated Research Project on Assessment of the Effectiveness of Vaccination Strategies against Newcastle Disease and Gumboro Disease using Immuno-assay Techniques for increasing Farmyard Poultry Production in AfricaQuatre Bornes, MauritiusMay 6–10, 2002www.iaea.org/programmes/nafa/d3/mtc/sonaiya-doc.pdfGoogle Scholar
Tadelle, D. (1996) Studies on village poultry production systems in the central highlands of Ethiopia, M Sc. Thesis, Department of Animal Nutrition and Management of Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.Google Scholar