Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-v2bm5 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-12T14:05:37.781Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Use of an in Vitro Protein Synthesizing System to Test the Mode of Action of Chloracetamides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Luanne M. Deal ,
J. T. Reeves ,
B. A. Larkins  and
F. D. Hess
Luanne M. Deal
Affiliation:
Dep. Bot. & Plant Pathol., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907
J. T. Reeves
Affiliation:
Dep. Bot. & Plant Pathol., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907
B. A. Larkins
Affiliation:
Dep. Bot. & Plant Pathol., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907
F. D. Hess
Affiliation:
Dep. Bot. & Plant Pathol., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The effects of chloracetamides on protein synthesis were studied both in vivo and in vitro. Four chloracetamide herbicides, alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide], metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], CDAA (N–N-diallyl-2-chloroacetamide), and propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide) were tested for inhibition of [3H]-leucine incorporation into protein. Incorporation of 3H-leucine into trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble protein was inhibited in oat (Avena sativa L. ‘Victory’) seedlings grown in sand culture and treated 12 h at 1 × 10−4M with these chloracetamides. The herbicides were also tested in a cell-free protein synthesizing system containing polyribosomes purified from oat root cytoplasm. These herbicides had no effect on the rates of polypeptide elongation nor on the synthesis of specific polypeptides when herbicides (1 × 10−4M) were added directly to the system. Polypeptide formation was inhibited 89% when 1 × 10−4M cycloheximide was added during translation. Cytoplasmic polyribosomes were isolated from oat roots treated 12 h with 1 × 10−4M herbicide. Translation rates and products were not altered when these polyribosomes were added to the in vitro system. Protein synthesis is inhibited when tested in an in vivo system; however, the inhibition does not occur during the translation of mRNA into protein.

Keywords

HerbicidealachlorCDAAmetolachlorpropachlor
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 28 , Issue 3 , May 1980 , pp. 334 - 340
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Canvin, D. T. and Friesen, G. 1959. Cytological effect of CDAA and IPC on germinating barley and peas. Weeds 7:153–156.Google Scholar
2. Chang, T. C., Marsh, H. V. Jr., and Jennings, P. H. 1975. Effect of alachlor on Avena seedlings. Inhibition of growth and interaction with gibberellic acid and indoleacetic acid. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 5:323–329.Google Scholar
3. Deal, L. M. and Hess, F. D. 1980. An analysis of the growth inhibitory characteristics of alachlor and metolachlor. Weed Sci. (In press).Google Scholar
4. Devlin, R. M. and Cunningham, R. P. 1970. The inhibition of gibberellic acid induction of α-amylase activity in barley endosperm by certain herbicides. Weed Res. 10:316–320.Google Scholar
5. Dhillon, N. S. and Anderson, J. L. 1972. Morphological, anatomical and biochemical effects of propachlor on seedling growth. Weed Res. 12:182–189.Google Scholar
6. Duke, W. B., Slife, F. W., Hanson, J. B., and Butler, H. S. 1975. An investigation on the mechanism of action of propachlor. Weed Sci. 23:142–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Francki, R. I. B., Zaitlin, M., and Jensen, R. G. 1971. Metabolism of separated leaf cells. II. Uptake and incorporation of protein and ribonucleic acid precursors by tobacco cells. Plant Physiol. 48:14–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8. Gruenhagen, R. D. and Moreland, D. E. 1971. Effects of herbicides on ATP levels in excised soybean hypocotyls. Weed Sci. 19: 319–323.Google Scholar
9. Hoagland, D. R. and Arnon, D. I. 1950. The water culture method for growing plants without soil. California Agric. Exp. Stn. Cir. 347. 32 pp.Google Scholar
10. Jaworski, E. G. 1969. Analysis of the mode of action of herbicial α-chloroacetamides. J. Agric. Food Chem. 17:165–170.Google Scholar
11. Key, J. L. 1964. Ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis as essential processes for cell elongation. Plant Physiol. 39:365–370.Google Scholar
12. Lado, P., Rasi-Caldogno, F., and Colombo, R. 1977. Effect of cycloheximide on IAA- or FC-induced cell enlargement in pea internode segments. Plant Sci. Lett. 9:93–101.Google Scholar
13. Laemmli, U. K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4 . Nature (London) 227:680–685.Google Scholar
14. Larkins, B. A. and Hurkman, W. J. 1978. Synthesis and deposition of zein in protein bodies of maize endosperm. Plant Physiol. 62:256–263.Google Scholar
15. Laskey, R. A. and Mills, A. D. 1975. Quantitative film detection of 3H and 14C in polyacrylamide gels by fluorography. Eur. J. Biochem. 56:335–341.Google Scholar
16. Mann, J. D., Jordan, L. S., and Day, B. E. 1965. A survey of herbicides for their effect upon protein synthesis. Plant Physiol. 40:840–843.Google Scholar
17. Marcu, K. and Dudock, B. 1974. Characterization of a highly efficient protein synthesizing system derived from commercial wheat germ. Nucleic Acids Res. 1:1385–1397.Google Scholar
18. Marsh, H. V. Jr., Bates, J., and Downs, S. 1976a. Effect of alachlor on corn seedlings. Proc. Northeast. Weed Sci. Soc. 30:158–165.Google Scholar
19. Marsh, H. V. Jr., Bates, J., and Downs, S. 1976b. Inhibition of metabolite uptake and transport by alachlor. Plant Physiol. Suppl. 57, p. 61.Google Scholar
20. McMahon, D. and Gopel, G. 1976. Chloral hydrate mediated inhibition of cell division and of protein synthesis. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 10:27–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21. Moreland, D. E., Malhotra, S. S., Gruenhagen, R. D., and Shokraii, E. H. 1969. Effects of herbicides on RNA and protein synthesis. Weed Sci. 17:556–563.Google Scholar
22. Nooden, L. D. and Thimann, K. V. 1966. Action of inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis on cell enlargement. Plant Physiol. 41:157–164.Google Scholar
23. Pillai, C. G. P., Davis, D. E., and Truelove, B. 1976. CGA-24705 effects on germination, growth, leucine uptake and incorporation. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 29:403.Google Scholar
24. Rao, V. S. and Duke, W. B. 1974. The effects of acetanilide herbicides on polysome and protein formation. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. p. 87.Google Scholar
25. Rao, V. S. and Duke, W. B. 1976. Effect of alachlor, propachlor, and prynachlor on GA3 – induced production of protease and α-amylase. Weed Sci. 24:616–618.Google Scholar
26. Rose, R. J. 1970. The effect of cycloheximide on cell division in partially synchronized plant cells. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 23:573–583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27. Webster, P. L. 1973. Effects of cycloheximide on mitosis in Vicia faba root-meristem cells. J. Exp. Bot. 24:239–244.Google Scholar