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Efficacy and Fate of Atrazine and Simazine in Doveweed (Murdannia nudiflora)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Jialin Yu  and
Patrick E. McCullough
Jialin Yu
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
Patrick E. McCullough*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: pmccull@uga.edu
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Abstract

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Doveweed is a summer annual that is difficult to control in turfgrass.Photosystem II inhibitors have the potential to control doveweed, butresearch is limited on the efficacy of these herbicides. The objectives ofthis research were to evaluate (1) the differential tolerance levels ofdoveweed to atrazine and simazine, (2) the influence of applicationplacement and rate on herbicide efficacy, and (3) uptake and metabolism ofthese herbicides in doveweed. In greenhouse experiments, the time requiredto injure doveweed 50% was three to five times faster for atrazine thansimazine. Simazine soil or foliar + soil application reduced doveweedbiomass 77% from the nontreated, but foliar-only treatments reduced biomass51%. Application placements for atrazine equally reduced shoot biomass 96%from the nontreated. In a dose–response experiment, atrazine and simazinerequired ≤ 1.8 kg ha−1 and ≥ 5.1 kg ha−1 to injuredoveweed 50% from 8 to 16 d after treatment (DAT), respectively. Doveweedrequired 79% less atrazine to reduce biomass 50% from the nontreatedcompared with simazine. In laboratory experiments, doveweed had similar rootabsorption levels of 14C-atrazine and 14C-simazine.Metabolism of both herbicides linearly increased from 1 to 7 DAT, but parentherbicide levels averaged 39 and 25% of the extracted radioactivity from 14C-atrazine and 14C-simazine, respectively.Doveweed metabolized 14C-simazine to three major metabolites,including hydroxysimazine, that each ranged from 24 to 29% of the extractedradioactivity. Hydroxyatrazine was the only major metabolite (> 10% oftotal 14C extracted) of 14C-atrazine. Overall,doveweed has slower metabolism of atrazine compared with simazine and is thebasis for differential tolerance levels to these herbicides.

Keywords

Atrazine, simazine, doveweed, Murdannia nudiflora (L.)BrenanSelectivitytriazineturfgrassuptake

Information

Type
Physiology/Chemistry/Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 64 , Issue 3 , September 2016 , pp. 379 - 388
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America

Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Steven Seefeldt, University of Alaska at Fairbanks.

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