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Weed suppression by Medicago sativa in subsequent cereal crops: a comparative survey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

P. D. Ominski ,
M. H. Entz  and
N. Kenkel
P. D. Ominski
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
N. Kenkel
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
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Extract

The ability of Medicago sativa to suppress weed growth may provide a viable alternative to chemical weed control and allow crop producers to reduce herbicide inputs. Quantitative information regarding the suppressive effect of M. sativa on weed populations in current cropping systems is lacking. A survey was conducted in Manitoba, Canada, in 1993 and 1994 to investigate weed populations in commercial cereal fields that had been preceded by either M. sativa hay or cereal grain crops. A total of 117 fields were surveyed; approximately half from each field type. Principle component analysis indicated that the inclusion of M. sativa in crop rotations resulted in weed communities different from those of continuous cereal fields. Naturally occurring populations of Avena fatua, Cirsium arvense, Brassica kaber, and Galium aparine were lower in cereal fields that had previously contained M. sativa than in cereal fields that had been preceded by a cereal crop. Lower field uniformity values for C. arvense and Avena fatua indicated that these weeds were also more patchy in the M. sativa rotations. Population differences between field types were nonsignificant for Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, and Polygonum convolvulus, and although populations of Taraxacum officinale and Thlaspi arvense were greater in M. sativa/cereal fields than in continuous cereal crops. No consistent effect of field type on Setaria viridis populations was observed. These results show that M. sativa effectively suppressed some, but not all, of the weeds found in the study area. Including M. sativa hay crops in crop rotations can be part of an integrated weed management strategy for weeds such as A. fatua, B. kaber, and C. arvense.

Keywords

Medicago sativa L. MEDSA, alfalfaAvena fatua L. AVEFA, wild oatsCirsium arvense (L.) Scop. CIRAR, Canada thistleBrassica kaber (DC.) L. C. Wheeler SINAR, wild mustardGalium aparine L. GALAP, catchweed bedstrawAmaranthus retroflexus L. AMARE, redroot pigweedChenopodium album L. CHEAL, common lambsquartersPolygonum convolvulus L. POLCO, wild buckwheatTaraxacum officinale, Weber in Wiggers TAROF, dandelionThlapsi arvense L. THLAR, field pennycressSetaria viridis (L.) Beauv. SETVI, green foxtail.Alternative weed controlrelative abundanceweed/crop ecologyweed suppressionweed patchinessAMAREAVEFACHEALCIRARGALAPMEDSAPOLCOSINARSETVITAROFTHLAR
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 47 , Issue 3 , June 1999 , pp. 282 - 290
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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