Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-s22k5 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-26T22:30:05.808Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Immunoglobulins and Viral Antibodies in Psychiatric Patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

E. Fuller Torrey ,
Michael R. Peterson ,
William L. Brannon ,
William T. Carpenter ,
Robert M. Post  and
Daniel P. Van Kammen
E. Fuller Torrey
Affiliation:
Saint Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington, DC 20032
Michael R. Peterson
Affiliation:
formerly Division of Virology, Bureau of Biologics, Food and Drug Administration
William L. Brannon
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, National Naval Medical Center
William T. Carpenter
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Baltimore
Robert M. Post
Affiliation:
Adult Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health
Daniel P. Van Kammen
Affiliation:
Adult Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The serum and CSF of 66 patients with functional psychoses were tested for immunoglobulins and antibodies to measles, HSV-1, CMV, and rubella viruses. Ten surgical and 80 neurological patients were controls. There were no significant findings in the serum, consistent with most previous studies. In the CSF 6 of 17 multiple admission schizophrenic patients had definite elevations of IgG or measles antibody and differed significantly from the surgical controls. Immunologically this group resembled the seriously ill neurological patients. No previous study has been made of immunoglobulins or viral antibodies in the CSF of psychiatric patients. It is concluded that further work is warranted in a search for biological subgroups of schizophrenia.

Type
Papers
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 132 , Issue 4 , April 1978 , pp. 342 - 348
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1978 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adels, B. R., Gajdusek, D. C. & Gibbs, C. J. (1968) Attempts to transmit subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and isolate a measles related agent, with a study of the immune response in patients and experimental animals. Neurology, 18, 30–51.Google Scholar
Amkraut, A., Solomon, G. F., Allansmith, M. et al (1973) Immunoglobulins and improvement in acute schizophrenic reactions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 28, 673–7.Google Scholar
Ansari, K. A., Wells, K. & Vatassery, G. T. (1975) Quantitative estimation of cerebrospinal fluid globulins in multiple sclerosis. Neurology, 25, 688–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arko, K. & Persic, N. (1969) Investigations of plasma proteins in schizophrenics by the method of radial immunodiffusion ‘Partigen’. Neuropsihijatrija, 17, 11–16.Google Scholar
Autry, J. H. (1973) An overview of immunological research in schizophrenia. Presented at Annual Meeting of American Psychiatric Association, Honolulu, Hawaii, and submitted for publication.Google Scholar
Bock, E., Weeke, B. & Rafaelsen, O. J. (1971) Serum proteins in acutely psychotic patients. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 9, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bock, E. & Rafaelson, O. J. (1974) Schizophrenia: proteins in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Danish Medical Bulletin, 21, 93–105.Google Scholar
Bock, E. (1976) Immunoglobulins, prealbumin, transferrin albumin and α-2 macroglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in acutely schizophrenic patients. Presented at First International Symposium on Immunological Components in Schizophrenia, Galveston, Texas. In press.Google Scholar
Bunney, W. E. & Hamburg, D. A. (1963) Methods for reliable longitudinal observation of behavior. Archives of General Psychiatry, 9, 280–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carman, J. S., Post, R. M., Buswell, R. et al (1976) Negative effects of melatonin on depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 1181–6.Google ScholarPubMed
Carpenter, W. T., Sacks, M. H., Strauss, J. S. et al (1976) Evaluating signs and symptoms: comparison of structured interviews and clinical approaches. British Journal of Psychiatry, 128, 397–403.Google Scholar
Carroll, J. F. & Booss, J. (1976) Cerebrospinal fluid IgG level in herpes simplex encephalitis. Journal of the American Medical Association, 236, 2092–3.Google ScholarPubMed
Cathala, F. & Brown, P. (1972) The possible viral aetiology of disseminated sclerosis. Journal of Clinical Pathology Supplementum, 6, 141–51.Google Scholar
Chacon, C., Monro, M. & Harper, I. (1975) Viral infection and psychiatric disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 51, 101–3.Google Scholar
Chess, S. (1971) Autism in children with congenital rubella. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1, 33–47.Google Scholar
Dencker, S. J. & Malm, U. (1968) Protein pattern of cerebrospinal fluid in mental disease. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplementum, 203, 105–9.Google Scholar
Domino, E. F., Krause, R. R., Thiessen, M. M. et al (1975) Blood protein fraction comparisons of normal and schizophrenic patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 32, 717–21.Google Scholar
Fessel, W. J. (1962) Blood proteins in functional psychoses. Archives of General Psychiatry, 6, 132–48.Google Scholar
Habeck, V. (1959) Electrophorese der liquorei weiss korper bei schizophrenen erkrankungen. Nervenarzt, 9, 396–400.Google Scholar
Halonen, P. E., Rimon, R., Arohonka, K. et al (1974) Antibody levels to herpes simplex type 1, measles and rubella viruses in psychiatric patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 125, 461–5.Google Scholar
Hartley, T. F., Merrill, D. A. & Claman, H. D. (1966) Quantitation of immunoglobulins in cerebrospinal fluid. Archives of Neurology, 15, 472–9.Google Scholar
Hendrie, H. C., Paraskevas, F. & Varsamis, J. (1972) Gamma globulin levels in psychiatric patients. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 17, 93–7.Google Scholar
Hunter, R., Jones, M. & Malleson, A. (1969) Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid total protein and gamma globulin levels in 256 patients admitted to a psychiatric unit. Journal of Neurological Science, 9, 11–38.Google Scholar
Jensen, K., Clausen, J. & Osterman, E. (1964) Serum and cerebrospinal fluid proteins in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 40, 280–6.Google Scholar
Joncas, J. H., Chicoine, L., Thivierge, R. et al (1974) Epstein-Barr virus antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 127, 282–5.Google Scholar
Link, H. & Muller, R. (1971) Immunoglobulins in multiple sclerosis and infections of the nervous system. Archives of Neurology, 25, 326–44.Google Scholar
Link, H. Norrby, E. & Olsson, J. E. (1976) Immunoglobulin abnormalities and measles antibody response in chronic myelopathy. Archives of Neurology, 33, 26–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lycke, E., Norrby, R. & Roos, B. E. (1974) A serological study on mentally ill patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 124, 273–9.Google Scholar
Mancini, G., Carbonara, A. O. & Heremans, J. F. (1965) Immunochemical quantitation of antigens by single radial immunodiffusion. International Journal of Immunochemistry, 2, 235–54.Google Scholar
Mulemans, O. (1965) Turbidometric method modified. Clinica Chemica Acta, 5, 757–64.Google Scholar
Nerenberg, S. T. & Prasad, R. (1975) Radioimmunoassays for Ig classes G, A, M, D, and E spinal fluids: normal values of different age groups. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 86, 887–98.Google Scholar
Pearson, E. K. (1973) Study of cerebrospinal fluid in schizophrenics—a review of the literature. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 9, 59–62.Google Scholar
Pokorny, A. D., Rawls, W. E., Adam, E. et al (1973) Depression, psychopathy, and herpesvirus type 1 antibody. Archives of General Psychiatry, 29, 820–2.Google Scholar
Rimon, R. & Halonen, P. (1969) Herpes simplex virus infection and depressive illness. Diseases of the Nervous System, 30, 338–40.Google ScholarPubMed
Rimon, R., Halonen, P. & Anttinen, E. et al (1971) Complement fixing antibody to herpes simplex virus in patients with psychotic depression. Diseases of the Nervous System, 32, 822–4.Google Scholar
Schneck, S. A. & Claman, H. N. (1969) CSF immunoglobulins in multiple sclerosis and other neurologic diseases. Archives of Neurology, 20, 132–9.Google Scholar
Shanmugam, A. (1971) A study of cerebrospinal fluid proteins in schizophrenia. Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 57, 206–8.Google Scholar
Skrabanek, P., Staunton, H., Holland, P. D. J. et al (1973) Immunoglobulins in CSF in multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders. Journal of the Irish Medical Association, 66, 692–6.Google Scholar
Solomon, G. F., Allansmith, M., McClellan, B. et al (1969) Immunoglobulins in psychiatric patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 20, 272–7.Google Scholar
Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J. & Robbins, E. (1975) Clinical criteria for psychiatric diagnosis and DSM-III. American Journal of Psychiatry, 132, 1187–92.Google Scholar
Strahilevitz, M. & Davis, S. D. (1970) Increased IgA in schizophrenic patients. Lancet, ii, 370.Google Scholar
Strahilevitz, M. Fleischman, J. B., Fischer, G. W. et al (1976) Immunoglobulin levels in psychiatric patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 772–7.Google Scholar
Vecchio, M. D., Vacca, L., Celani, T. et al (1975) Variazioni delle immunoglobuline seriche in pazienti schizofrenici cronici: valutazioni statistiche. Acta Neurologica, 30, 483–96.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.