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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 February 2017
Perhaps the most challenging problem confronting a cosmologist is to reconcile the observed large-scale structure of the Universe with the Friedmann-Lemaître cosmological models that have gained such widespread acceptance in recent years (cf. however the alternative viewpoint, as exemplified in this Symposium by Arp and others). In this review, I shall look anew at the spectrum of density inhomogeneities that survive decoupling of matter and radiation at z ~ 1000 and provide the primordial fluctuations that can eventually generate galaxies. A closely related matter, that of the associated fluctuations in the background radiation, is discussed elsewhere in this volume by Doroshkevich, Sunyaev and Zel'dovich.