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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 August 2017
Several authors have analyzed the kinematics of elliptical galaxies using surface photometry in combination with absorption line velocity dispersion measurements. However, these analyses never explore the halos of galaxies, since the best absorption line measurements extend only ∼1 re . The only way to extend our knowledge of stellar kinematics to larger radii is to use the emission lines of planetary nebula for radial velocity measurements.