Attempts to explain both the expansion of the universe and the condensation of galaxies must be very largely contradictory so long as gravitation is the only force field under consideration. For if the expansive kinetic energy of matter is adequate to give universal expansion against the gravitational field it is adequate to prevent local condensation under gravity, and vice versa. This is why, essentially, the formation of galaxies is passed over with little comment in most systems of cosmology. Yet the galaxies, and the clusters in which they are often found, are such an important characteristic property of the universe that it is unsatisfactory to dismiss their origin in the vague term “fluctuation phenomenon.”