The following list provides a quick reference guide for common terms used in Margaret Tudor's correspondence. The glosses provided are often just one of multiple options available for each term. Readers are advised to consult the OED or DSL for more detailed definitions.Footnote 1
abon|abonn abone; above
abufe above
acord accord; agree
adetyd|a dettyd addettit; indebted
aduertice|aduertis|avartys|avartyȝ advertise
aduertyssyt|avartysed|avartyssyd|awartysyd advertised
agan|a gan again or against
aktoryte auctorité; authority
alanerly|allanerly|anerly ‘Only, solely, merely.’Footnote 2
als viel|als wele as well
alswa also
anent|anenst ‘Along, in line with; alongside, beside; even or level with.’Footnote 3
answar|ansor answer
answard|an sward answered
answarIng answering
answarȝ answers
aperand|a perand appearing
asay ‘To set oneself (to do something), to address or apply oneself’. Also, ‘To set onself (to do something), to address or apply oneself.’Footnote 4
asxe|axe ask
atoryte|avtoryte|awtoryte auctorité; authority
attour|attoure ‘Over and above, moreover, in addition, besides.’Footnote 5
auysyd advised
avne|awne|awnn own
avt out
avys|avyss|awyss advise or advice
awdens audience
axsept accept
band|bandyȝ ‘A formal or documentary bond, contract, or agreement, entered into or made by a person.’Footnote 6
bathe|beth both
beand being
belefyd believed
ben|bene been
besche|beseke beseech
bescheng|beschyng|besekyng beseeching
betwxt betwixt; between
bordarȝ borders
bot but
brovht|browht brought
cam come or came
cast ‘To apply (oneself, one's mind, etc.) to something.’ Also, ‘to consider; to devise or plan’.Footnote 7
caud|cawd|covd|cowd could
caws|cawss cause
combar ‘Trouble, distress, embarrassment, inconvenience.’Footnote 8
conformand conforming
conIwfeftment|conIovfeftment|congafefment|conIafeftment Variant of the phrase ‘conjunct feftment’, meaning possessed or joint lands.Footnote 9 Margaret uses this term to refer to the rents from her dower lands.
consall|consel|consell|cownsel|covnsel council or counsel
contynv continue
cowntray country
credenȝ credence
cum come
cyster sister
dar dare
ded dead or deed
defavt|defawt defaut; default
delygens dilligence
dessarfe deserve
devors|dewors divorce
devys|dewys devise
dresyd ‘To arrange (matters or affairs); to bring to a satisfactory state or conclusion.’Footnote 10
dw do
dwk duke
dwn done
dysplesor|dysplesvr|dyspleswr displeasure
dyspon ‘To dispose of, give away, distribute.’Footnote 11
dyssyr desire
dyvars|dyvarȝ diverse
effext effect
en|een one
erar ‘Sooner, rather, as a matter of preference or choice.’Footnote 12
evel|evell|ewel|ewyll evil
ewar ever
falȝ false
favt|fawt fault
favtyd|fawtyd faulted
fayly fail
fordar|furdar further
forderyng furthering
fordvard fordward; forward
forthar|fwrdar further
fre from
frynd friend
gaf gave
gang|gange ‘To travel or follow (a road, way, course, etc.). Also figurative: to choose or take (a course of action, etc.).’Footnote 13
gat get
gret great
gwd good
gyf|gyfe|gyffe if or give
gyffen|gyffne|gyfyn given
gyfyȝ gives
haf|hafe|haffe|haif have
hald hold
haldys holds
havand having
heffy heavy
helpand helping
honor|honnowr|honovr|honowr honour
hostyng ‘The assembling for military service when summoned by the king or regent.’Footnote 14
howbeit|how be It although
howsbond husband
humblyst|hwmblyst humblest
hwmbly humbly
hwmbyl|hummyll|hwmble humble
hwrt hurt
hyme him
hyȝ his
Inbasytors|In bassytors|Inbastytorȝ imbassator; ambassadors
Intretyd entreated
Iowstys|Iustyȝ justice
kend known
knav|knaw|knv know
knawlech|knawlege|knawleig knowledge
knawth|knavth knoweth; knows
kyped kept
kypeng keeping
labar|labor labour
labord laboured
lang|lange long
lat|latt let
lawbawrar labourer
leef|leffe leave
letars|lettres|lettris letters
leth loathe or loath
leuer rather
levand living
lofe|loff|loffe love
luf|luff|lwf love
loffys loves
lokyd looked
loweng|lufyng loving
lufyth loveth; loves
luke look
lychtly lightly
lyf|lyff|lyfe life or live
lyfeng living
lyffed lived
ma may
mad made
maist|maste most or must
man must
mare more
matar|mattar matter
matarȝ|matres matters
mekyill|mykyl mekil; much
michtie mighty
monne|monny|mvny|mwnne money
mony many
moost|most|moste must
mosche|moosche|mouch|mysch|mysche much
mycht might
myht|myght might
nayn nane; none
ne no
ned|nede need
nen none
nocht not
nombar number
nothar other or neither
novht|nowht not
ondarstand|ondyrstand understand
ondarstandys understands
ondon undone
onfryndyȝ|onfryndes unfriend; enemies
onkyndly unkindly
ony any
ope|opp up
ordand ordained
otharȝ others
ovr|owr our or over
ovs|ows|owȝ us
owr lange|owr lang ‘Of too great length or duration’ or ‘[f]or too long a time’.Footnote 15
owr lokyd overlooked
parfytly perfectly
owrs ours
parlment parliament
parsaf|parsave perceive
parson person
parsonage|parsonagyȝ ‘A person of high rank, distinction, or importance; a person of note.’Footnote 16
partayns pertains
pees|pes peace
perfyt perfit; perfect
pleasor|pleaswr|plesour|plesswr|plesur|plesvr|plesyr pleasure
ples|pless please
powr power
prefext ‘To fix, settle or appoint beforehand (a time, also a place).’Footnote 17
premyssys ‘The matters or things stated, mentioned or specified previously; the foregoing, the aforesaid, the above.’Footnote 18
presarfe|preserfe|presarwe preserve
pryff|pryffe prove
quhamm quham; whom
quhar quhair; where
quharfor quharefore; wherefore
quharof quhareof; of which
quharthrow quherthrow; through which
quharvponn whereupon
quhat what
quhay who
quhilk|quhylk which
quhilkes quhilkis (pl.); which
quhill|quhyll quhile; while
quhow how or who
qwyt quite; repay or liberated
ravlme|rawlm|rawlme realm
ravlmeȝ|rawlmyȝ realms
rembar remember
remed|reymeid remedy
remofyd removed
resayved|resaywed received
Richt|Rycht right
sad said
safeng saving
saff covndyt|safcowndyt|safcondyt ‘The privilege, granted by a monarch or other authority, of being protected from arrest or harm while making a particular journey or travelling within a certain region.’Footnote 19
sal|sale|sall sal; shall
salbe shall be
sam same
saruand|sarvand|sarwand|sarwant|sawand servant
sarvandyȝ|sarwandys servants
sayand saying
schal shall
schaw|schw show
schawin|schwn shown
sche she
schuld|swld should
se so or see
sen since
sketh scath; harm
solyst solist; entreat
solystyng solisting; entreating
solystyd solicited; entreated
sopoȝ suppose
sted service
stedabyl ‘Of service, helpful, useful, profitable (to (for) another) (in a matter).’Footnote 20
strangarȝ strangers
suld should
swa so
swfar suffer
swr sure
swrly surely
swrty surté; safety
swstentacyon ‘Provision of a person with a livelihood or the means of living; maintenance of support with the means of subsistence.’Footnote 21
sych|syche|syk|sysch such
sykarnes|sykarneȝ sikernes; security
syklyke|syklyk ‘Similar; such-like; of such a kind.’ Also, ‘Similarly; in like manner; in such wise.’Footnote 22
sykarly|sykyrly undoubtedly
syn since
thes|thyȝ this or these
thowt thought
throw through
thwȝ thus
thyr thir; these
thyȝ this
till to
tothar|tohar ‘The other (of two).’Footnote 23
tovscheng|towchyng|towscheng|towschyng touching
towsche touch
towschys touches
traist|trast|trwst trust
tret treat or negotiate
trovblyd troubled
trow trust
trowht truth
trw true
trws truce
tvay twa; two
tw to
twke took
tyl|tyll to
tyn|tyne lose
tynt ‘Of a person: damned, ruined; useless.’ Also, ‘Of time, etc.: Wasted.’Footnote 24
vakand ‘Of an (ecclesiastical, etc.) position or office: Unfilled.’Footnote 25
vald|valde|vhald|vould|voulde would
var were or war
varld world
varr|vayr war
vas|vass|vasse|vos was
vat what
vayt|vyt wit; know
ve|vee we
veel|vel|viel|viell well or well-being
veryte|verete verity; truth
vham|vhame|vhoom whom
vharof whereof
vhol|vol|voll|vyl|vyll will or while
vhoman woman
volbe will be
vordys|vordyȝ words
vryt write
vryten|writtin written or writing
vryteng|vrytyng writing
vyhl while
vylke which
vysch|vysche|vyshe which
vyse|vyss wise
vyt|vyst wit; know
vyt with
wald would
werr|weyr war
yan than
yat that
ye the
yes|yis this
ȝe ye; you
ȝerly yearly
ȝou|ȝow you
ȝour|ȝowr your
