Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-mwwwr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-08-31T00:03:33.589Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Modeling in the Context of Releases of 14C as a Consequence of Nuclear Activities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 February 2016

Laura Limer ,
Ryk Klos ,
Russell Walke ,
George Shaw ,
Maria Nordén  and
Shulan Xu
Laura Limer*
Affiliation:
Limer Scientific Consulting Limited, 2 Cairn Brae, Newton-le-Willows WA12 9FW, United Kingdom. Also: Limer Scientific Consulting, House 7, 316 Jianguo Xi Lu, Shanghai 200031, China
Ryk Klos
Affiliation:
Aleksandria Sciences Limited, 37 Coverdale Road, Sheffield S7 2DD, United Kingdom
Russell Walke
Affiliation:
Quintessa Limited, The Hub, 14 Station Road, Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire RG9 1AY, United Kingdom
George Shaw
Affiliation:
School of Biosciences, Room C29 Gateway Building, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
Maria Nordén
Affiliation:
Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM), Solna strandväg 96, SE-171 16 Stockholm, Sweden
Shulan Xu
Affiliation:
Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM), Solna strandväg 96, SE-171 16 Stockholm, Sweden
*
2 Corresponding author. Email: laura@limersc.com.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The need to address radiological impacts from radiocarbon released to the biosphere has been recognized for some time. In 2011, the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM) commissioned a study to develop a 14C model of the soil-plant-atmosphere system that would provide them with an independently developed assessment capability. This paper summarizes that study, which comprised a review of contemporary models, the development of a new conceptual model, SSPAM14C, and the application of SSPAM14C to a set of experimental data relating to the atmospheric exposure of cabbages.

Information

Type
Articles
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 55 , Issue 2: Proceedings of the 21st International Radiocarbon Conference (Part 1 of 2) , 2013 , pp. 804 - 813
Copyright
Copyright © 2013 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Albrecht, A. 2010. Les équations du modèle de transfert du carbone-14 (14C) dans la biosphère (AquaC_14) et leur intégration dans le code “Modèle Management, MoM”; Note technique. Report number: C.NT.ASTR. 10.0052. A, ANDRA, Châtenay-Malabry.Google Scholar
Albrecht, A, Miquel, S. 2010. Extension of sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for long term dose assessment of high level nuclear waste disposal sites to uncertainties in the human behaviour. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 101(1):55–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aquilonius, K, Hallberg, B. 2005. Process-oriented dose assessment model for 14C due to releases during normal operation of a nuclear power plant. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 82(3):267–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Atkinson, B, Meredith, W, Snape, C, Steven, M, Shaw, G. 2011. Experimental and modelling studies of carbon-14 behaviour in the biosphere: diffusion and oxidation of isotopically labelled methane (13CH4) in laboratory soil column experiments. NDA Radioactive Waste Management Directorate, report no. Serco/Nott/e.4041/002 Issue 1.Google Scholar
Aulagnier, C, Le Dizès, S, Maro, D, Hérbert, D, Lardy, R, Martin, R, Gonze, M-A. 2012. Modelling the transfer of 14C from the atmosphere to grass: a case study in a grass field near AREVA-NC La Hague. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 112:52–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avila, R, Pröhl, G. 2008. Models used in the SFR 1 SAR-08 and KBS-3H safety assessments for calculation of C-14 doses, SKB Rapport R-08–16.Google Scholar
Bush, RP, White, IF, Smith, GM. 1984. Carbon-14 waste management. CEC, Euratom Report EUR-8749.Google Scholar
Canadian Standards Association (CSA). 2008. Guidelines for calculating derived release limits for radioactive material in airborne and liquid effluents for normal operations of nuclear facilities. CSA Standard N288.1–08. Toronto, Canada.Google Scholar
Coleman, K, Jenkinson, DS. 2005. ROTHC-26.3 a model for the turnover of carbon in soil. IACR – Rothamsted, Harpenden, Herts. November 1999 issue (modified April 2005).Google Scholar
Hjerpe, T, Ikonen, ATK, Broed, R. 2010. Biosphere assessment report 2009. A Posiva Oy report, 2010–03, March 2010.Google Scholar
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). 2008. The Potato Scenario, Final Report. EMRAS Tritium/14C Working Group, September 2008. Vienna: IAEA.Google Scholar
Jenkinson, DS, Rayner, JH. 1977. The turnover of soil organic matter in some of the Rothamsted classical experiments. Soil Science 123:298–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keum, D-K, Jun, I, Lim, K-M, Choi, Y-H, Lee, C-W. 2008. Predictive model for the 14C radioactivity in a plant following an exposure to airborne 14CO2 gas. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 99(11): 1756–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Dizès, S, Maro, D, Hébert, D, Gonze, M-A, Aulagnier, C. 2012. TOCATTA: a dynamic transfer model of 14C from the atmosphere to soil-plant systems. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 105(1):48–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Mer, J, Roger, P. 2001. Production, oxidation, emission and consumption of methane by soils: a review. European Journal of Soil Biology 37(1):25–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Limer, L, Smith, G, Thorne, M. 2010. Disposal of graphite: a modelling exercise to determine acceptable release rates to the biosphere. A study for the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority, Radioactive Waste Management Division, QRS-1454A-1, Version 2.2.Google Scholar
Limer, LMC, Thorne, MC, Towler, GH. 2011a. Assessment calculations for C-14 labelled gas for the LLWR 2011 ESC. Quintessa Limited report to LLWR Limited QRS-1443Z-1, Version 4.0, April 2011.Google Scholar
Limer, LMC, Thorne, MC, Cummings, R. 2011b. Consideration of canopy structure in modelling 14C-labelled gas behaviour in the biosphere for human dose assessments. Radioprotection 46(6):S409–S415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Limer, LMC, Smith, K, Albrecht, A, Marang, L, Norris, S, Smith, GM, Thorne, MC, Xu, S. 2012. C-14 long-term dose assessment: data review, scenario development, and model comparison. SSM report 2012:1. Strålsäkerhetsmyndigheten, Stockholm.Google Scholar
Limer, L, Klos, R, Shaw, G, Walke, R. 2013. Terrestrial biosphere modeling of 14C research, final report. A Limer Scientific Consulting Limited report for The Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (SSM). SSM report 2013: 1. Strålsäkerhetsmyndigheten, Stockholm.Google Scholar
Livingston, BE, Beall, R. 1934. The soil as direct source of carbon dioxide for ordinary plants. Plant Physiology 9(2):237–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Magnusson, Å, Strenström, K, Aronsson, P-O. 2008. 14C in spent ion-exchange resins and process water from nuclear reactors: a method for quantitative determination of organic and inorganic fractions. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 275(2):261–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maul, PR, Watson, CE, Thorne, MC. 2005. Probabilistic modelling of C-14 and H-3 uptake by crops and animals. Quintessa report to the Food Standards Agency QRS 1264A-1, Version 3.0, Henley-on-Thames, UK.Google Scholar
Monsi, M, Saeki, T. 2005. On the factor of light in plant communities and its importance for matter production. Annals of Botany 95(3):549–67.Google ScholarPubMed
National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP). 1985. Carbon-14 in the environment. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. NCRP report no 81, USA.Google Scholar
Sheppard, MI, Sheppard, SC, Amiro, BD. 1991. Mobility and plant uptake of inorganic 14C and 14C-labelled PCB in soils of high and low retention. Health Physics 61(4):481–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sheppard, SC, Ciffroy, P, Siclet, F, Damois, C, Sheppard, MI, Stephenson, M. 2006a. Conceptual approaches for the development of dynamic specific activity models of 14C transfer from surface water to humans. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 87(1):32–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheppard, SC, Sheppard, MI, Siclet, F. 2006b. Parameterization of a dynamic specific activity model of 14C transfer from surface water to humans. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 87(1): 15–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, GM, Robinson, PC, Stenhouse, MJ. 1994. C-14 food chain modelling following release to atmosphere. Intera report to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Foods IE3725–1, Version 3, Henley-on-Thames, UK.Google Scholar
Tani, T, Arai, R, Nozoe, S, Tako, Y, Takahashi, T, Nakamura, Y. 2011. Development of a dynamic transfer model of 14C from the atmosphere to rice plants. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 102(4) : 340–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomson, G, Miller, A, Smith, G, Jackson, D. 2008. Radionuclide release calculations for SAR-08. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company, SKB Report R-08–14. Stockholm.Google Scholar
Thorne, MC. 2005. Development of increased understanding of potential radiological impacts of radioactive gases from a deep geological repository: review of FSA and Nirex models and associated scoping calculations. Mike Thorne and Associates Limited report to UK Nirex Limited MTA/P0011b/2005–5: Issue 2, November 2005.Google Scholar
Thorne, MC, MacKenzie, J. 2005. The treatment of waste-derived gas in the biosphere in Nirex safety and performance assessments. Quintessa Limited report to UK Nirex Limited QRS-1248A-1, Version 2.0, February 2005.Google Scholar
Thorne, MC, Khursheed, A, Stansby, SJ. 2003. Assessing the radiological impact of radionuclides in sewage sludge when applied to agricultural land: final report. Mike Thorne and Associates report to the Food Standards Agency MTA/P0023/2003–1: Issue 1, Ripponden, UK.Google Scholar
Tucker, S, Shaw, G. 1997. Quality assured modelling data for 14CO2 fixation by crops. IC.CARE/MAFF/REP/C-14/4.0, Imperial College report to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Foods, London, UK.Google Scholar
Vuorinen, AH, Vapaavuori, EM, Lapinjoki, S. 1989. Time-course of uptake of dissolved inorganic carbon through roots in light and darkness. Physiologia Plantarum 77(1):33–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, AJ, Otlet, RL. 1999. Studies on gaseous species of tritium and carbon-14 in environmental air around nuclear establishments. In: Warwick, P, editor. Environmental Radiochemical Analysis. Special Publication of the Royal Society of Chemistry, 234. Cambridge: ASC. p 159–69.Google Scholar