Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-l4dxg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-04T09:07:56.596Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Aquatic Resources in Foodcrusts: Identification and Implication

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 February 2016

Carl Heron  and
Oliver E Craig
Carl Heron*
Affiliation:
School of Archaeological Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
Oliver E Craig
Affiliation:
BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
*
Corresponding author. Email: C.P.Heron@bradford.ac.uk.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Foodcrusts, the charred surface deposits on pottery vessel surfaces, provide a rich source of data regarding container function. This article reviews recent applications focusing on the detection of aquatic resources (marine and freshwater) in pottery vessels using a range of analytical approaches including bulk isotope measurements of carbon and nitrogen, lipid biomarker analysis, and compound-specific carbon isotope determinations. Such data can help to evaluate the presence of reservoir effects when undertaking radiocarbon dating of foodcrust samples. In particular, molecular and isotopic analysis can aid in the selection of suitable candidates for 14C where it can be demonstrated that aquatic resources are unlikely to contribute to the residue. Prospects for compound-specific 14C analysis of lipids in foodcrusts and ceramic-absorbed residues are also discussed.

Type
Articles
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 57 , Issue 4 , 2015 , pp. 707 - 719
Copyright
Copyright © 2015 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ackman, RG, Hooper, SN. 1970. Branched-chain fatty acids of four fresh-water fish oils. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 32(1):117–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, SH, Malmros, C. 1985. Madskorpe på Ertebøllekar fra Tybrind Vig. Aarbøger for Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie 1984s:78–95.Google Scholar
Bayliss, A, van der Plicht, J, Bronk Ramsey, C, McCormac, G, Healy, F, Whittle, A. 2011. Towards generational time-scales: the quantitative interpretation of archaeological chronologies. In: Whittle, A, Healy, F, Bayliss, A, editors. Gathering Time: Dating the Early Neolithic Enclosures of Southern Britain and Ireland. Oxford: Oxbow Books. p 17–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beehr, D, Ambrose, S. 2007. Reconstructing Mississippian diet in the American Bottom with stable isotope ratios of pot sherd residues. In: Barnard, H, Eerkens, J, editors. Theory and Practice of Archaeological Residue Analysis: British Archaeological Reports International Series 1650. Oxford: Archaeopress. p 189–99.Google Scholar
Berstan, R, Stott, AW, Minnitt, S, Bronk Ramsey, C, Hedges, REM, Evershed, RP. 2008. Direct dating of pottery from its organic residues: new precision using compound-specific carbon isotopes. Antiquity 82(317):702–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonsall, C, Cook, G, Manson, J, Sanderson, D. 2002. Direct dating of Neolithic pottery: progress and prospects. Documenta Praehistorica 29:47–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boudin, M, Van Strydonck, M, Crombé, P. 2009. Radiocarbon cating of pottery food crusts: reservoir effect or not? The case of the Swifterbant pottery from Doel “Deurganckdok.” In: Crombé, P, Van Strydonck, M, Boudin, M, Sergant, J, Bats, M, editors. Chronology and Evolution within the Mesolithic of North-West Europe: Proceedings of an International Meeting. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p 727–45.Google Scholar
Boudin, M, Van Strydonck, M, Crombé, P, De Clercq, W, van Dierendonck, RM, Jongepier, H, Ervynck, A, Lentacker, A. 2010. Fish reservoir effect on charred food residue 14C dates: Are stable isotope analyses the solution? Radiocarbon 52(2):697–705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cassiodoro, G, Tessone, A. 2014. Análisis radiocarbónico y de isótopos estables en residuos cerámicos del centro-oeste de Santa Cruz (Patagoinia). Relaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología XXXIX(1):293–9.Google Scholar
Colonese, AC, Farrell, T, Lucquin, A, Firth, D, Charlton, S, Robson, HK, Alexander, M, Craig, OC. 2015. Archaeological bone lipids as palaeodietary markers. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 29(7):611–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Copley, MS, Berstan, R, Mukherjee, AJ, Dudd, SN, Straker, V, Payne, S, Evershed, RP. 2005. Dairying in antiquity. III. Evidence from absorbed lipid residues dating to the British Neolithic. Journal of Archaeological Science 32(4):523–46.Google Scholar
Craig, OE, Forster, M, Andersen, SH, Koch, E, Crombé, P, Milner, NJ, Stern, B, Bailey, GN, Heron, CP. 2007. Molecular and isotopic demonstration of the processing of aquatic products in northern European prehistoric pottery. Archaeometry 49(1):135–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craig, OE, Steele, VJ, Fischer, A, Hartz, S, Andersen, SH, Donahue, P, Glykou, A, Saul, H, Jones, DM, Koch, E, Heron, C. 2011. Ancient lipids reveal continuity in culinary practices across the transition to farming in Northern Europe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 108(44):17,910–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Craig, OE, Saul, H, Lucquin, A, Nishida, Y, Taché, K, Clarke, L, Thompson, A, Altoft, DT, Uchiyama, J, Ajimoto, M, Gibbs, K, Isaksson, S, Heron, CP, Jordan, P. 2013. Earliest evidence for the use of pottery. Nature 496(7445):351–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cramp, LJE, Evershed, RP. 2014. Reconstructing aquatic resource exploitation in human prehistory using lipid biomarkers and stable isotopes. In: Holland, HD, Turekian, KK, editors. Treatise on Geochemistry: Archaeology and Anthropology. Oxford: Elsevier. p 319–39.Google Scholar
Cramp, LJE, Jones, J, Sheridan, A, Smyth, J, Whelton, H, Mulville, J, Sharples, N, Evershed, RP. 2014. Immediate replacement of fishing with dairying by the earliest farmers of the northeast Atlantic archipelagos. Proceedings of the Royal Society B – Biological Sciences 281. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeNiro, MJ, Epstein, S. 1977. Mechanism of carbon isotope fractionation associated with lipid synthesis. Science 197(4300):261–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeNiro, MJ, Hastorf, CA. 1985. Alteration of 15N/14N and 13C/12C ratios of plant matter during the initial stages of diagenesis: studies utilizing archaeological specimens from Peru. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 49(1):97–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dufour, E, Bocherens, H, Mariotti, A. 1999. Investigation of isotopic composition of European lacustrine fish: implications for dietary reconstructions. Journal of Archaeological Science 26(6):617–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eglinton, TI, Bauer, JE, Aluwihare, LI, Druffel, ERM, McNichol, AP. 1996. Gas chromatographic isolation of individual compounds from complex matrices for radiocarbon dating. Analytical Chemistry 68(5):904–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evershed, RP. 2008. Organic residue analysis in archaeology: the archaeological biomarker revolution. Archaeometry 50(6):895–924.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evershed, RP, Copley, MS, Dickson, L, Hansel, FA. 2008. Experimental evidence for the processing of marine animal products and other commodities containing polyunsaturated fatty acids in pottery vessels. Archaeometry 50(1):101–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, A, Heinemeier, J. 2003. Freshwater reservoir effect in 14C dates of food residue on pottery. Radiocarbon 45(3):449–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foley, B, Hansson, M, Kourkoumelis, D, Theodoulou, T. 2012. Aspects of ancient Greek trade re-evaluated with amphora DNA evidence. Journal of Archaeological Science 39(2):389–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansel, FA, Evershed, RP. 2009. Formation of dihydroxyacids from Z-monounsaturated alkenoic acids and their use as biomarkers for processing of marine commodities in archaeological pottery vessels. Tetrahedron Letters 50(40):5562–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansel, FA, Copley, MS, Madureira, LAS, Evershed, RP. 2004. Thermally produced ω-(o-alkylphenyl)alkanoic acids provide evidence for the processing of marine products in archaeological pottery vessels. Tetrahedron Letters 45(14):2999–3002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hansel, FA, Bull, ID, Evershed, RP. 2011. Gas chromatographic mass spectrometric detection of dihydroxy fatty acids preserved in the ‘bound’ phase of organic residues of archaeological pottery vessels. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 25(13):1893–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hansson, M, Foley, B. 2008. Ancient DNA fragments inside Classical Greek amphoras reveal cargo of 2400-year-old shipwreck. Journal of Archaeological Science 35(5):1169–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, JP, Lovis, WA. 2007. The freshwater reservoir and radiocarbon dates on charred cooking residues: Old apparent ages or a single outlier? Comment on Fischer and Heinemeier (2003). Radiocarbon 49(3):1403–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, JP, Lovis, WA. 2014. A re-evaluation of the reliability of AMS dates on pottery food residues from the Late Prehistoric Central Plains of North America: comment on Roper (2013). Radiocarbon 56(1):341–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, JP, Lovis, WA, Schulenberg, JK, Urquhart, GR. 2007. Paleodietary implications from stable carbon isotope analysis of experimental cooking residues. Journal of Archaeological Science 34(5):804–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, JP, Lovis, WA, Jeske, RJ, Richards, JD. 2012. The potential of bulk δ13C on encrusted cooking residues as independent evidence for regional maize histories. American Antiquity 77(2):315–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, JP, Lovis, WA, Urquhart, GR, Reber, EA. 2013. Modelling freshwater reservoir offsets on radiocarbon-dated charred cooking residues. American Antiquity 78(3):536–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartz, S, Piezonka, H. 2013. North Eurasian hunter-gatherer ceramics as an archaeological source: reply to Kuzmin (2013). Radiocarbon 55(1):205–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartz, S, Kostyleva, E, Piezonka, H, Terberger, T, Tsydenova, N, Zhilin, MG. 2012. Hunter-gatherer pottery and charred residue dating: new results on early ceramics in the North Eurasian forest zone. Radiocarbon 54(3–4):1033–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hastorf, CA, DeNiro, MJ. 1985. Reconstruction of prehistoric plant production and cooking practices by a new isotopic method. Nature 315(6019):489–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hedges, REM, Tiemei, C, Housley, RA. 1992. Results and methods in the radiocarbon dating of pottery. Radiocarbon 34(3):906–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heron, C, Nilsen, G, Stern, B, Craig, OE, Nordby, C. 2010. Application of lipid biomarker analysis to evaluate the function of ‘slab-lined pits’ in Arctic Norway. Journal of Archaeological Science 37(9):188–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heron, C, Andersen, S, Fischer, A, Glykou, A, Hartz, S, Saul, H, Steele, VJ, Craig, OE. 2013. Illuminating the Late Mesolithic: residue analysis of ‘blubber’ lamps from Northern Europe. Antiquity 87(335):178–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Isaksson, S. 1999. Guided by light: the swift characterisation of ancient organic matter by FTIR, IR-fingerprinting and hierarchical cluster analysis. Laborativ Arkeologi 12:35–43.Google Scholar
Kubiak-Martens, L, Brinkkemper, O, Oudemans, TFM. 2015. What's for dinner? Processed food in the coastal area of the northern Netherlands in the Late Neolithic. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 24(1):47–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kunikita, D, Yoshida, K, Miyazaki, Y, Saito, K, Endo, A, Matsuzaki, H, Ito, S, Kobayashi, T, Fujimoto, T, Kuznetsov, AM, Krupyanko, A, Tabarev, AM. 2007. Analysis of radiocarbon dates of an archaeological site in the Russian Far East: the marine reservoir effect as seen on charred remains on pottery. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 259(1):467–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kunikita, D, Shevkomud, I, Yoshida, K, Onuki, S, Yamahara, T, Matsuzaki, H. 2013. Dating charred remains on pottery and analyzing food habits in the Early Neolithic period in Northeast Asia. Radiocarbon 55(2–3):1334–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuzmin, Y. 2013. The patterns of Neolithization in the North Eurasian forest zone: a comment on Hartz et al. (2012). Radiocarbon 55(1):201–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lampert, CD, Glover, IC, Hedges, REM, Heron, CP, Higham, TFG, Stern, B, Shoocongdej, R, Thompson, GB. 2003. Dating resin coating on pottery: the Spirit Cave early ceramic dates revised. Antiquity 77(295):126–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Longacre, W. 1995. Why did they invent pottery anyway? In: Barnett, WK, Hoopes, JW, editors. The Emergence of Pottery: Technology and Innovation in Ancient Societies. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. p 277–80.Google Scholar
Messili, L, Saliège, J-F, Broutin, J, Messager, E, Hatté, C, Zazzo, A. 2013. Direct 14C dating of early and mid-Holocene Saharan pottery. Radiocarbon 55(2–3):1391–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miyata, Y, Horiuchi, A, Nishimoto, T. 2009. Traces of sea mammals on pottery from the Hamanaka 2 archaeological site, Rebun Island, Japan: implications from sterol analysis, stable isotopes, and radiocarbon dating. Researches in Organic Geochemistry 25:15–27.Google Scholar
Miyata, Y, Minami, M, Onbe, S, Sakamoto, M, Matsuzaki, H, Nakamura, T, Imamura, M. 2011. Difference in radiocarbon ages of carbonized material from the inner and outer surfaces of pottery from a wetland archaeological site. Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences 87(8):518–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mollenhauer, G, Rethemeyer, J. 2009. Compound-specific radiocarbon analysis – analytical challenges and applications. Deep-Sea to Coastal Zones: Methods and Techniques for Studying Paleoenvironments. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Sciences 5(1):012006.Google Scholar
Morton, JD, Schwarcz, H. 2004. Palaeodietary implications from stable isotopic analysis of residues on prehistoric Ontario ceramics. Journal of Archaeological Science 31(5):503–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, JD, Lammers, RB, Schwarcz, HP. 1988. Stable isotope analysis of food residue from Ontario ceramics. In: Farquhar, RM, Hancock, RGV, Pavlish, LA, editors. Proceedings of 26th International Archaeometry Symposium, Toronto. University of Toronto: The Archaeometry Laboratory. p 89–93.Google Scholar
Mukherjee, AJ, Gibson, AM, Evershed, RP. 2008. Trends in pig product processing at British Neolithic Grooved Ware sites traced through organic residues in potsherds. Journal of Archaeological Science 35(7):2059–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nalawade-Chavan, S, McCullagh, J, Hedges, R. 2014. New hydroxyproline radiocarbon dates from Sungir, Russia, confirm Early Mid Upper Palaeolithic burials in Eurasia. PLoS ONE 9(1):e76896.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Namdar, D, Stacey, RJ, Simpson, StJ. 2009. First results on thermally induced porosity in chlorite cooking vessels from Merv (Turkmenistan) and implications for the formation and preservation of archaeological lipid residues Journal of Archaeological Science 36(11):2507–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nomokonova, T, Losey, RJ, Goriunova, OI, Weber, AW. 2013. A freshwater old carbon offset in Lake Baikal, Siberia and problems with the radiocarbon dating of archaeological sediments: evidence from the Sagan-Zaba II site. Quaternary International 290–291:110–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohkouchi, N, Eglinton, TI, Hayes, JM. 2003. Radiocarbon dating of individual fatty acids as a tool for refining Antarctic margin sediment chronologies. Radiocarbon 45(1):17–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsson, M, Isaksson, S. 2008. Molecular and isotopic traces of cooking and consumption of fish at an Early Medieval manor site in eastern middle Sweden. Journal of Archaeological Science 35(3):773–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oudemans, TFM, Boon, JJ. 1991. Molecular archaeology: analysis of charred (food) remains from prehistoric pottery by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 20:197–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oudemans, TFM, Boon, JJ. 2007. A comparative study of extractable lipids in the shards and surface residual crusts of ceramic vessels from Neolithic and Roman Iron Age settlements in the Netherlands. In: Barnard, H, Eerkens, JW, editors. Theory and Practice of Archaeological Residue Analysis. British Archaeological Reports International Series 1650. Oxford: Archaeopress. p 99–124.Google Scholar
Oudemans, TFM, Boon, JJ, Botto, RE. 2007a. FTIR and solid-state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy of charred and non-charred solid organic residues preserved in Roman Iron Age vessels from the Netherlands. Archaeometry 49(3):271–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oudemans, TFM, Eijkel, GB, Boon, JJ. 2007b. Identifying biomolecular origins of solid organic residues preserved on Iron Age pottery using DTMS and MVA. Journal of Archaeological Science 34(2):173–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Philippsen, B. 2013a. Der Süßwasser-Reservoireffekt in der 14C-Datierung: neue Analysen und mesolithische Kochexperimente. Experimentelle Archäologie in Europa – Bilanz 12:20–32.Google Scholar
Philippsen, B. 2013b. The freshwater reservoir effect in radiocarbon dating. Heritage Science 1:1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Philippsen, B, Heinemeier, J. 2013. Freshwater reservoir effect variability in northern Germany. Radiocarbon 55(2–3):1085–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Philippsen, B, Meadows, J. 2014. Inland Ertebølle Culture: the importance of aquatic resources and the freshwater reservoir effect in radiocarbon dates from pottery food crusts. In: Fernandes, R, Meadows, J, editors. Human Exploitation of Aquatic Landscapes special issue. Internet Archaeology 37:doi. org/10.11141/ia.37.9.Google Scholar
Raemaekers, DCM, Kubiak-Martens, L, Oudemans, TFM. 2013. New food in old pots – charred organic residues in Early Neolithic ceramic vessels from Swifterbant, the Netherlands (4300–4000 cal BC). Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 43(3):315–34.Google Scholar
Regert, M. 2011. Analytical strategies for discriminating archaeological fatty substances from animal origin. Mass Spectrometry Reviews 30(2):177–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Regert, M, Vacher, S, Moulherat, C, Decavallas, O. 2003. Study of adhesive production and pottery function during Iron Age at the site of Grand Aunay (Sarthe, France). Archaeometry 45:101–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roper, DC. 2013. Evaluating the reliability of AMS dates on food residue on pottery from the late prehistoric Central Plains of North America. Radiocarbon 55(1):151–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roper, DC. 2014. A response to Hart and Lovis. Radiocarbon 56(1):355–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rethemeyer, J, Fülöp, RH, Höfle, S, Wacker, L, Heinze, S, Hajdas, I, Patt, U, König, S, Stapper, B, Dewald, A. 2013. Status report on sample preparation facilities for 14C analysis at the CologneAMS center. Nuclear Instruments and Methods B 294:168–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saul, H, Craig, OE, Heron, C, Glykou, A, Hartz, S, Wilson, J. 2012. A systematic approach to the recovery and identification of starches from carbonised deposits on ceramic vessels. Journal of Archaeological Science 39:3483–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saul, H, Madella, M, Fischer, A, Glykou, A, Hartz, S, Craig, OE. 2013. Phytoliths in pottery reveal the use of spice in European prehistoric cuisine. PLoS ONE 8(8):e70583.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sherriff, BL, Tisdale, MA, Sayer, BG, Schwarcz, HP, Knyf, M. 1995. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and isotopic analysis of carbonized residues from subarctic Canadian prehistoric pottery. Archaeometry 37(1):95–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solazzo, C, Erhardt, D. 2007. Analysis of lipid residues in archaeological artifacts: marine mammal oil and cooking practices in the Arctic. In: Barnard, H, Eerkens, JW, editors. Theory and Practice of Archaeological Residue Analysis. British Archaeological Reports International Series 1650. Oxford: Archaeopress. p 161–78.Google Scholar
Solazzo, C, Fitzhugh, WW, Rolando, C, Tokarski, C. 2008. Identification of protein remains in archaeological potsherds by proteomics. Analytical Chemistry 80(12):4590–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stott, AW, Berstan, R, Evershed, RP, Hedges, REM, Bronk Ramsey, C, Humm, MJ. 2001. Radiocarbon dating of single compounds isolated from pottery cooking vessel residues. Radiocarbon 43(2A):191–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stott, AW, Berstan, R, Evershed, RP, Bronk-Ramsey, C, Hedges, REM, Humm, MJ. 2003. Direct dating of archaeological pottery by compound-specific 14C analysis of preserved lipids. Analytical Chemistry 75(19):5037–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taché, K, Craig, OE. 2015. Cooperative harvesting of aquatic resources triggered the beginning of pottery production in north-eastern North America. Antiquity 89(343):177–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tieszen, LL. 1991. Natural variations in the carbon isotope values of plants: implications for archaeology, ecology, and paleoecology. Journal of Archaeological Science 18(3):227–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaiglova, P, Snoeck, C, Nitsch, E, Bogaard, A, Lee-Thorp, J. 2014. Impact of contamination and pre-treatment on stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of charred plant remains. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 28(23):2497–510.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, X, Zhang, C, Goldberg, P, Cohen, D, Pan, Y, Arpin, T, Bar-Yosef, O. 2012. Early pottery at 20,000 years ago in Xianrendong Cave, China. Science 336(6089):1696–700.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamane, M, Yokoyama, Y, Miyairi, Y, Suga, H, Matsuzaki, H, Dunbar, RB, Ohkouchi, N. 2014. Compound-specific 14C dating of IODP Expedition 318 Core U1357A obtained off the Wilkes Land coast, Antarctica. Radiocarbon 56(3):1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshida, K, Ohmichi, J, Kinose, M, Iijima, H, Oono, A, Abe, N, Miyazaki, Y, Matsuzaki, H. 2004. The application of 14C dating to potsherds of the Jomon period. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 223–224:716–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshida, K, Kunikita, D, Miyazaki, Y, Nishida, Y, Miyao, T, Matsuzaki, H. 2013. Dating and stable isotope analysis of charred residues on the Incipient Jomon pottery (Japan). Radiocarbon 55(2–3):1322–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar