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Southern Oscillation Signal in South American Palaeoclimatic Data of the Last 7000 Years

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Louis Martin ,
Marc Fournier ,
Philippe Mourguiart ,
Abdelfatah Sifeddine ,
Bruno Turcq ,
Jean-Marie Flexor  and
Maria Lucia Absy
Louis Martin
Affiliation:
Programme GEOCIT, ORSTOM, 72 Route d'Aulnay, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France
Marc Fournier
Affiliation:
Programme GEOCIT, ORSTOM, 72 Route d'Aulnay, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France
Philippe Mourguiart
Affiliation:
Programme GEOCIT, ORSTOM, 72 Route d'Aulnay, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France
Abdelfatah Sifeddine
Affiliation:
Programme GEOCIT, ORSTOM, 72 Route d'Aulnay, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France
Bruno Turcq
Affiliation:
Programme GEOCIT, ORSTOM, 72 Route d'Aulnay, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France
Jean-Marie Flexor
Affiliation:
Obervatorio National, rua General Bruce 586, 20921 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Maria Lucia Absy
Affiliation:
INPA, CP 478, 69000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
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Abstract

During strong El Niño events, rainfall anomalies and changes in wind patterns are observed in different regions of South America. Along the central Brazilian coast, during the 1983 El Niño year, the frontal systems were blocked to the south, provoking a reversal of the longshore sand transport. Long-duration reversals of longshore transport were also recorded in Holocene beach-ridge terraces from the Rio Doce coastal plain. This led to the formulation of a model relating these reversals of longshore transport to El Niño-like conditions. El Niño-like conditions are past average climate situations that generate the same perturbations as the strong El Niño events observed during the last decade. They are likely to correspond to the long-duration low phase of the Southern Oscillation. To confirm this hypothesis we compared the Holocene beach-ridge record with other palaeoenvironmental records from regions where strong El Niño events would have a substancial signal as well: (1) water-level fluctuations of Lake Titicaca, (2) a pollen and sediment record in an eastern Amazonian lake, (3) changes of the Rio Xingu discharge in eastern Amazonia, and (4) variations of sand supply at the Rio Piura and Rio Chira outlets in the Sechura Desert. The occurrences of El Niño-like conditions were numerous before 3900-3600 yr B.P., absent between 39003600 and 2800-2500 yr B.P., and infrequent after 2800-2500 yr B.P.

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Articles
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Quaternary Research , Volume 39 , Issue 3 , May 1993 , pp. 338 - 346
Copyright
University of Washington

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