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The role of lithology and climate on bedrock river incision and terrace development along the Buffalo National River, Arkansas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2023

Kathleen Rodrigues Open the ORCID record for Kathleen Rodrigues [Opens in a new window] ,
Amanda Keen-Zebert ,
Stephanie Shepherd ,
Mark R. Hudson ,
Charles J. Bitting ,
Bradley G. Johnson  and
Abigail Langston
Kathleen Rodrigues*
Affiliation:
Division of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, USA, 86512
Amanda Keen-Zebert
Affiliation:
Division of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, USA, 86512
Stephanie Shepherd
Affiliation:
Department of Geoscience, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA, 36849
Mark R. Hudson
Affiliation:
U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado, USA, 80225
Charles J. Bitting
Affiliation:
National Park Service, Buffalo National River, Harrison, Arkansas, USA, 72601
Bradley G. Johnson
Affiliation:
Environmental Studies Department, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina, USA, 28035
Abigail Langston
Affiliation:
Department of Geography and Geospatial Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA, 66506
*
*Corresponding author email address: <krodrigues@nevada.unr.edu>
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Abstract

The Buffalo National River in northwest Arkansas preserves an extensive Quaternary record of fluvial bedrock incision and aggradation across lithologies of variable resistance. In this work, we apply optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to strath and fill terraces along the Buffalo River to elucidate the role of lithology and climate on the development of the two youngest terrace units (Qtm and Qty). Our OSL ages suggest a minimum strath planation age of ca. 250 ka for the Qtm terraces followed by a ca. 200 ka record of aggradation. Qtm incision likely occurred near the last glacial maximum (LGM), prior to the onset of Qty fill terrace aggradation ca. 14 ka. Our terrace ages are broadly consistent with other regional terrace records, and comparison with available paleoclimatic archives suggests that terrace aggradation and incision occurred during drier and wetter hydrological conditions, respectively. Vertical bedrock incision rates were also calculated using OSL-derived estimates of Qtm strath planation and displayed statistically significant spatial variability with bedrock lithology, ranging from ~35 mm/ka in the higher resistance reaches and ~16 mm/ka in the lower resistance reaches. In combination with observations of valley width and terrace distribution, these results suggest that vertical processes outpace lateral ones in lithologic reaches with higher resistance.

Keywords

Strath terracesGeochronologyOSL datingPaleoclimateBedrock riversGeomorphology
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 115 , September 2023 , pp. 179 - 193
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Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2023

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