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Electric linear dichroism and birefringence of biological polyelectrolytes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 March 2009

Elliot Charney
Elliot Charney
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Chemical Physics, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
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Extract

The phenomenon of electro-optic orientation was discovered by John Kerr in 1875 and has been used extensively for determining the optical polarizability anisotropy of small molecules and for high-speed transmission of optical signals. Measurements on biopolymers have been made at least since 1950, but only in the last decade have these yielded definitive structural and physical information. In the course of this review, it should become obvious that among the reasons for this late development is the inherent difficulty of analysing optical data that depend simultaneously on intrinsic optical-structural properties of the molecules, and on their degree of orientation under the conditions of the experiment. The problem has been particularly difficult far biopolymers such as the nucleic acids, whose polarization in an electric field is dependent on their special polyelectrolyte properties. These unique electrostatic properties are an important feature in the interpretation of the experimental observations.

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Research Article
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Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , February 1988 , pp. 1 - 60
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Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1988

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