Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-hw7sx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-30T20:35:25.792Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Information processing in depression and anxiety

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

Nico Brand  and
Jellemer Jolles
Nico Brand*
Affiliation:
Psychiatric University Clinic, Utrecht, Department of Clinical Psychiatry, State University of Limburg, The Netherlands
Jellemer Jolles
Affiliation:
Psychiatric University Clinic, Utrecht, Department of Clinical Psychiatry, State University of Limburg, The Netherlands
*
1Address for correspondence: Dr N. Brand, Psychiatric University Clinic, Nicolaas Beetsstraat 24, 3511 HG Utrecht, The Netherlands
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

The memory scanning performance of both unipolar and bipolar depressives and patients with anxiety states was compared with that of control subjects. Four versions of Sternberg's memory comparison task were used. Unipolar depressives showed impaired memory scanning in 3 of the tasks compared with controls, and in one task compared with patients with anxiety states. They were also slower than the other patients and controls in the non-scanning processing stages. They seemed to adopt a less efficient search strategy, and showed more controlled processing as opposed to automatic detection in a paper-and-pencil version of the task.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 17 , Issue 1 , February 1987 , pp. 145 - 153
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Beck, A. T. (1974). Depressive neurosis. In American Handbook of Psychiatry, Vol. 2 (ed. Arieti, S. and Brody, E.), pp. 61–90. Basic Books: New York.Google Scholar
Brand, N. & Jolles, J. (1984). Memory scanning and response requirements. Internal Report 840900. Psychiatric University Clinic: Utrecht.Google Scholar
Cohen, R. M., Weingartner, H., Smallberg, S. A., Pickar, D. & Murphy, D. L. (1982). Effort and cognition in depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 39, 593–597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coryell, W., Noyes, R. & Clancy, J. (1983). Panic disorder and primary unipolar depression. Journal of Affective Disorder 5, 311–317.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisk, A. D. & Schneider, W. (1983). Category and word search: generalizing search principles to complex processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 9, 177–195.Google ScholarPubMed
Flor-Henry, P. & Yeudal, L. T. (1979). Neuropsychological investigations of schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis. In Hemispheric Asymmetries of Function in Psychopathology, (ed. Gruzelier, J. and Flor-Henry, P.), pp. 341–362. Elsevier: Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Glass, R. M., Uhlenhuth, E. H., Hartel, F. W., Matuzas, W. & Fischman, M. W. (1981). Cognitive dysfunction and imipramine in outpatient depressives. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 1048–1051.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heaton, R. K. & Crowley, I. J. (1981). Effects of psychiatric disorders and their somatic treatments on neuropsychological test results. In Handbook of Clinical Neuropsychology, (ed. Filskov, S. B. and Boll, T. J.), pp. 481–525. John Wiley & Sons: New York.Google Scholar
Hijman, R., Ganzevles, P., Brand, N. & Jolles, J. (1983). Use of the sternberg memory comparison task in clinical populations.In Proceedings of the 6th European Conference of the International Neuropsychological Society, Lisbon, p. 20. INS Bulletin.Google Scholar
Hilbert, N. M., Niederehe, G. & Kahn, R. L. (1976). Accuracy and speed of memory in depressed and organic aged. Educational Gerontology 1, 131–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Insel, T. R., Donnely, E. F., Lalakea, M. L., Alterman, I. S. & Murphy, D. L. (1983). Neurological and neuropsychological studies of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry 18, 741–751.Google ScholarPubMed
Jolles, J. (1985). Early diagnosis of dementia: possible contributions from neuropsychology. In Aging of the Brain (ed. Gispen, W. H. and Traber, J.), pp. 84–100. Springer: Berlin.Google Scholar
Jolles, J. & Gaillard, A. W. K. (1984). A paper and pencil version of the Sternberg Memory Comparison Task. Internal Report 840901. Psychiatric University Clinic: Utrecht.Google Scholar
Jolles, J. & van Gent, E. M. (1986). In preparation.Google Scholar
Jolles, J., Hijman, R. & Gaillard, A. W. K. (1982). Memory disorders and information processing (in Dutch). De Psycholoog 17, 487.Google Scholar
Judd, L. L. (1979). Effect of lithium on mood, cognition and personality function in normal subjects. Archives of General Psychiatry 36, 860–865.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koh, S. D. & Wolpert, E. A. (1983). Memory scanning and retrieval in affective disorders. Psychiatry Research 8, 289–297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koh, S. D., Szoc, R. & Peterson, R. A. (1977). Short-term memory scanning in schizophrenic young adults. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 86, 451–460.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Logan, G. D. (1978). Attention in character-classification tasks: evidence for the automaticity of component stages. Journal of Experimental Psychology General 107, 32–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madden, D. J. & Nebes, R. D. (1980). Aging and the development of automaticity in visual search. Developmental Psychology 16, 377–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, W. R. (1975). Psychological deficit in depression. Psychological Bulletin 82, 238–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pharr, D. R. & Connor, J. M. (1980). Memory scanning in a visual search task by schizophrenics and normals. Journal of Clinical Psychology 36, 625–631.3.0.CO;2-Q>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reus, V. I., Targum, S. D., Weingartner, H. & Post, R. M. (1979). Effect of lithium carbonate on memory processes of bipolar affectively ill patients. Psychopharmacology 63, 39–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robertson, G. & Taylor, P. J. (1985). Some cognitive correlates of affective disorders. Psychological Medicine 15, 297–309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roth, M. (1977). The borderlands of anxiety and depressive states; their bearing on new and old models for the classification of depression. In Neurotransmission and Disturbed Behavior. (ed. van Praag, H. M. and Bruinvels, J.), pp. 209–257. Symposium organized by the Interdisciplinary Society of Biological Psychiatry: Utrecht.Google Scholar
Sanders, A. F. (1983). Towards a model of stress and human performance. Acta Psychologica 53, 61–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shiffrin, R. M. & Schneider, W. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review 84, 127–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snodgrass, J. G. & Townsend, J. T. (1980). Comparing parallel and serial models: theory and implementation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception 6, 330–354.Google Scholar
Sternberg, D. E. & Jarvik, M. E. (1976). Memory functions in depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 33, 219–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sternberg, S. (1969). The discovery of processing stages: extensions of Donders' method. Acta Psychologica 30, 276–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sternberg, S. (1975). Memory scanning: new findings and current controversies. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 27, 1–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, D. A. (1976). Stage analysis of reaction time. Psychological Bulletin 83, 161–191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verhage, F. (1964). Intelligentie en leeftijd. Dissertation: Assen.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. S., Kaszniak, A. W., Klawans, H. L. & Garron, D. C. (1980). High speed memory scanning in Parkinsonism. Cortex 16, 67–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed