Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 October 2007
Portugal and Spain have been at the heart of European history andhave played a critical role in European (and world) affairsthroughout the centuries. Yet decades of relative isolation underauthoritarian regimes in the twentieth century left both countriesat the margins of Europe, and they did not take part in the earlystages of the process of European integration in the 1950s–70s.Fortunately, the success of processes of democratic transition inboth countries in the second half of the 1970s paved the way forfull membership in the European Community (EC).I would like to thank the participants in theconference “Towards the Completion of Europe” held at theUniversity of Miami on April 2005, and in particular to Dr.Joaquín Roy for all his advice and support. This is an updatedversion of a paper that I presented at the conference publishedin Royo 2006. I would like to thank Jeffrey Kopstein, Ramón deMiguel, Kalypso Nicolaidis, George Ross, and Francisco Seixas daCosta for their valuable comments during the last roundtable ofthe conference From Isolation to Europe: 15 Years of Spanish andPortuguese Membership in the European Union at the Minda deGunzburg Center for European Studies, Harvard University,November 2–3, 2001. See also Royo 2003.