Hostname: page-component-5447f9dfdb-56ltz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-07-28T17:48:03.058Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Houses and the Changing Residential Unit: Domestic Architecture at PPNB ‘Ain Ghazal, Jordan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2014

E. B. Banning  and
Brian F. Byrd
E. B. Banning
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
Brian F. Byrd
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The exceptional preservation of structural detail at the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B site of ‘Ain Ghazal allows analysis of techniques of house building, and of sequences of construction and modification of houses. Frequent remodelling was common, with a trend towards smaller residential areas. The concept of the ‘development cycle’ is applied, to explain the structural modifications in terms of the changing nature of the co-residential group.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , Volume 53 , Issue 1 , 1987 , pp. 309 - 325
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adams, E. C., 1983. ‘The architectural analogue to Hopi social organization and room use, and implications for prehistoric northern southwestern culture’, American Antiquity 48, 44–61.Google Scholar
Adams, J. S., 1984. ‘The meaning of housing in America’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 74, 515–26.Google Scholar
Agorsah, E. K., 1985. ‘Archaeological implications of traditional house construction among the Nchumuru of northern Ghana’, Current Anthropology 26, 103–15.Google Scholar
Amiran, R., 1978. Early Arad, a Chalcolithic and Early Bronze City. Judean Desert Studies 1, 1st–5th Seasons of Excavations, 1962–66. Israel Exploration Society, Jerusalem.Google Scholar
Aurenche, O., 1981. La Maison Orientate. L'Architecture du Proche-Orient Ancien des Origines au Milieu du Quatrième Millenaire. Geuthner, Paris.Google Scholar
Banning, E. B. and Byrd, B. F., 1984. ‘The architecture of PPNB ‘Ain Ghazal, Jordan’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Reearch 25, 15–20.Google Scholar
Bassett, K., and Short, J., 1980. Housing and Residential Structure. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London.Google Scholar
Bender, D. R., 1967. ‘A refinement of the concept of household: families, coresidence and domestic functions’, American Anthropologist 69, 493–504.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blacking, J., 1969. ‘Songs, dances, mimes and symbolism of Venda girls' initiation schools. 4. The great Domba song’, African Studies 28, 215–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourne, L. S., 1981. The Geography of Housing. Halstead Press, London.Google Scholar
Braemer, F., 1982. L'Architecture Domestique du Levant à l'Age du Fer. Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations, No. 8, Paris.Google Scholar
Braidwood, R. J., 1967. Prehistoric Men (seventh edition). Scott, Foresman and Company, Glenview, Illinois.Google Scholar
Broadbent, G., Bunt, R. and Jencks, C. (eds), 1980. Signs, Symbols and Architecture. Wiley, New York.Google Scholar
Cana‘an, J., 1933. ‘The Palestinian Arab house: its architecture and folklore’, J. Palestine Oriental Society 12, 223–47, and 13, 1–83.Google Scholar
Charpin, D., 1980. Archives Familiales et Propriété Priveé en abylonie Ancienne: Études des Documents de ‘Tell Sifr’. Librairie Droz, Geneva.Google Scholar
Cheven, A., 1971. ‘Family growth, household density, and moving’, Demography 8, 451–58.Google Scholar
Ciolek-Torrello, R. and Reid, J. J., 1974. ‘Change in household size at Grasshopper’, The Kiva 40, 39–47.Google Scholar
Clark, W. A. V., Deurloo, M. C. and Dieleman, F. M., 1984. ‘Housing consumption and residential mobility’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 74, 29–43.Google Scholar
Crawford, H. E. W., 1977. The Architecture of Iraq in the Third Millennium B.C. Mesopotamia, Copenhagen Studies in Assyriology 5. Akademisk Forlage, Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Dalman, G., 1942. Arbeit und Sitte in Palastina: VII, das Haus, Huhnerzucht, Taubenzucht, Bienenzucht. Reprinted 1971 by Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim.Google Scholar
Dean, J. S., 1969. ‘Chronological analysis of Tsegi phase sites in northeastern Arizona’, Papers of the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research 3. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Douglas, M., 1972. ‘Symbolic orders in the use of domestic space’, in Ucko, P.J. Tringham, R. and Dimbleby, G. W. (eds), Man, Settlement and Urbanism 513–21. Duckworth, London.Google Scholar
Driver, G. R. and Miles, J. C. (eds), 1952. The Babylonian Laws. Vol. 1, Legal Commentary. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Erich, I., 1959–1960. ‘Religion, landscape and space’, Landscape 9(2). 14–17.Google Scholar
Erich, I., 1965. ‘The view from above’ (review of Raglan 1964), Landscape 15, 33–34.Google Scholar
Flannery, K. V., 1972. ‘The origin of the village as a settlement type in Mesoamerica and the Near East: a comparative study’, in Ucko, P. Tringham, R. and Dimbleby, G. (eds), Man, Settlement and Urbanism 23–53. Duckworth, London.Google Scholar
Flannery, K. V., 1976. ‘Two possible village subdivisions: the courtyard group and the residential ward’, in Flannery, K. V. (ed.), The Early Mesoamerican Village 72–75. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Fletcher, R., 1977. ‘Settlement studies (micro and semimicro)’, in Clarke, D. L. (ed.), Spatial Archeology 47–162. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Fortes, M., 1962. ‘Introduction’, in Goody, J. (ed.), The Developmental Cycle in Domestic Groups 1–14. University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Frankfort, H., 1934. ‘Iraq excavations of the Oriental Institute 1932/33. Third preliminary report of the Iraq expedition’, Oriental Institute Communications 17. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Fraser, D., 1968. Village Planning in the Primitive World. George Brazilles, New York.Google Scholar
Freedman, M., 1969. ‘Geomancy. Presidential address 1968’, Proceedings of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland for 1968, 5–15.Google Scholar
Gallis, K. J., 1985. ‘A late neolithic foundation offering from Thessaly’, Antiquity 59, 20–24.Google Scholar
Garstang, J., 1935. ‘Jericho: city and necropolis (fifth report). VII. General report for 1935’, Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology of the Institute of Archaeology, University of Liverpool 22, 143–68.Google Scholar
Garstang, J., 1936. ‘Jericho: city and necropolis (Report for sixth and concluding season, 1936). I. General survey and special features’, Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology 23, 67–76.Google Scholar
Garstang, J. and Garstang, J. B. E., 1948. The Story of Jericho (2nd ed.). Marshal, Morgan and Scott, London.Google Scholar
Goodman, J., 1974. ‘Local residential mobility and family housing adjustments’, in Morgan, J. N. (ed.), Five Thousand American Families — Patterns of Economic Progress, vol. 2, 79–106. Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Goody, J., 1962a. The Developmental Cycle in Domestic Groups. Cambridge Papers in Social Anthropology No. 1. University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Goody, J., 1962b. ‘The fission of domestic groups among the Lodagaba’, in Goody, J. (ed.), The Developmental Cycle in Domestic Groups, 53–91. University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Gourdin, W. H. and Kingery, W. D., 1975. ‘The beginnings of pyrotechnology: Neolithic and Egyptian lime plaster’, J. of Field Archaeol. 2, 133–50.Google Scholar
Hillier, B., Leaman, A., Stansall, P. and Bedford, M., 1976. ‘Space syntax’, Environment and Planning B3, 148–85.Google Scholar
Horne, L., 1982. ‘The household in space: dispersed holdings in an Iranian village’, American Behavioral Scientist 25, 677–85.Google Scholar
Horne, L., 1983. ‘Recycling in an Iranian village: ethnoarchaeology in Baghestan’, Archaeology 36(4), 16–21.Google Scholar
Howard, J. B., 1985. ‘Courtyard groups and domestic cycling: a hypothetical model of growth’, in Dittert, A. E. and Dove, D.E. (eds), Proceedings of the 1983 Hohokam Symposium, part 1. Occasional Paper No. 2. Arizona Archaeological Society, Phoenix.Google Scholar
Huntington, F. W., 1986. Archaeological Investigations at the West Branch site. Early and Middle Rincon Occupation in the Southern Tucson Basin, part 2. Anthropological Papers 5. Institute for American Research, Tucson, Arizona.Google Scholar
Jones, T. B., 1951. ‘By the waters of Babylon sat we down’, Agricultural History 25, 1–9.Google Scholar
Kenyon, K. M., 1957. Digging up Jericho. Frederick A. Praeger, New York.Google Scholar
Kenyon, K. M., 1981. Excavations at Jericho, Vol. 3: The Architecture and Stratigraphy of the Tell. British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem, London.Google Scholar
el Khoury, F., 1975. Domestic Architecture in the Lebanon. Art and Archaeology Research Papers, London.Google Scholar
Koshurnikov, S. and Yoffee, N., n.d. ‘Old Babylonian texts from Dilbat in the Ashmolean Museum’, Iraq, in press.Google Scholar
Kramer, C. A., 1982a. ‘Ethnographic households and archaeological interpretation, a case from Iranian Kurdistan’, American Behavioral Scientist 35, 663–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kramer, C. A., 1982b. Village Ethnoarchaeology, Rural Iran in Archaeological Perspective. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Lambert, M. F., 1953–1954. ‘Cities before Columbus. Prehistoric town planning in the Puebloan Southwest’, Landscape 3(2), 12–15.Google Scholar
Lawrence, R., 1982. ‘Domestic space and society: a cross cultural study’, Comparative Studies in Society and History 24, 104–30.Google Scholar
Loewenthal, L. J. A., 1978. ‘Amulets in medieval sculpture: I. General outline’, Folklore [London] 89, 3–10.Google Scholar
Makkay, J., 1983. ‘Foundation sacrifices in Neolithic houses of the Carpathian Basin’, Acts of the International Symposium on Prehistoric Art and Religion, Valcamonica, 1979 157–67. Milan.Google Scholar
Michelson, W., 1977. Environmental Choice, Human Behavior, and Residential Satisfaction. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Miller, R., 1982. ‘Water supply and public health in Neolithic times’, Society of the Friends of the Museum, American University of Beirut, Newsletter 2(2), 4–6.Google Scholar
Moore, A. T., 1985. ‘The development of Neolithic societies in the Near East’, Advances in World Archaeology 4, 1–69.Google Scholar
Morris, E. W. and Winter, M., 1978. Housing, Family, and Society. John Wiley and Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Ragette, F., 1974. Architecture in Lebanon, The Lebanese House during the 18th and 19th Centuries. American University in Beirut.Google Scholar
Raglan, Lord, 1964. The House and the Temple. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London.Google Scholar
Rapoport, A., 1969. House Form and Culture. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Redman, C. L., 1978. The Rise of Civilization, from Early Farmers to Urban Society in the Ancient Near East. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Reid, J. J., 1973. Growth and Response to Stress at Grasshopper Pueblo, Arizona. Ph.D. Diss., University of Arizona. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan.Google Scholar
Rock, J. T., 1974. ‘The use of social models in archaeological interpretation’, The Kiva 40, 81–91.Google Scholar
Rodman, M. C., 1985. ‘Moving houses: residential mobility and the mobility of residences in Longana, Vanuatu’, American Anthropologist 87, 56–72.Google Scholar
Rollefson, G. O., Banning, E. B., Byrd, B. F., Kafafi, Z., Kohler, I., Petocz, D., Rolston, S. and Villiers, L., 1984. ‘The Pre-Pottery Neolithic B village of ‘Ain Ghazal (Jordan)— Preliminary report of the 1982 excavation season’, Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 117, 139–83.Google Scholar
Rollefson, G. O. and Simmons, A. H., 1985. ‘The early Neolithic village of ‘Ain Ghazal, Jordan: preliminary report on the 1983 season’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research Supplement 23, 35–52.Google Scholar
Rollefson, G. O. and Simmons, A. G., 1986. ‘The Neolithic village of ‘Ain Ghazal, Jordan: preliminary report on the 1984 season’, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research Supplement 24.Google Scholar
Rollefson, G. O. and Simmons, A. H., n.d. ‘The 1985 season at ‘Ain Ghazal: preliminary report’, Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 30, in press.Google Scholar
Sanjek, R., 1982. ‘The organization of households in Adabaka: toward a wider comparative perspective’, Comparative Studies in Society and History 24, 131–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seeden, H., 1982. ‘Ethnoarchaeological reconstruction of Halafian occupational units at Shams ed-Din Tannira’, Berytas 30, 55–95.Google Scholar
Seeden, H., 1985. ‘Aspects of prehistory in the present world: observations gathered in Syrian villages from 1980 to 1985’, World Archaeol. 17, 289–303.Google Scholar
Shiloh, Y., 1970. ‘The four-room house: its situation and function in the Israelite city’, Israel Exploration Journal 20, 180–90.Google Scholar
Thoumin, R., 1932. La Maison Syrienne dans la Plaine Hauranaise, le Bassin du Barada et sur les Plateaux du Qalamun. Ernest Leroux, Paris.Google Scholar
Thuesen, I., and Gwozdz, R., 1982. ‘Lime plaster in Neolithic Hama, Syria. A preliminary report’, Paléorient 8, 99–103.Google Scholar
Verdon, M., 1980. ‘Shaking off the domestic yoke, or the sociological significance of residence’, Comparative Studies in Society and History 22(1), 109–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilcox, D. R., 1975. ‘A strategy for perceiving social groups in Puebloan sites’, in Martin, P. S. Zubrow, E. Bowman, D., Gregory, D. Hanson, J. Schiffer, M. and Wilcox, D (eds). Chapters in the Prehistory of Eastern Arizona IV, 120–59. Fieldiana: Anthropology 65.Google Scholar
Wilcox, D. R., 1982. ‘A set-theory approach to sampling pueblos: the implications of room-set additions at Grasshopper Pueblo’, in Longacre, W. A. Holbrook, S. and Graves, M. (eds), Multidisciplinary Research at Grasshopper Pueblo, Arizona 19–27. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Wilcox, D. R., McGuire, T. R. and Sternberg, C., 1981. Snaketown Revisited, a Partial Cultural Resource Survey, Analysis of Site Structure and an Ethnohistoric Study of the Proposed Hohokam-Pima National Monument. Archaeological Series 155. Arizona State Museum, Univer-sity of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Wilk, R. R. and Rathje, W. J., 1982. ‘Household archaeology’, American Behavioral Scientist 25, 617–39.Google Scholar
Wulff, H. E., 1966. The Traditional Crafts of Persia (Their Development, Technology and Influence on Eastern and Western Civilizations). MIT Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar