Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-lrblm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-11T10:34:26.171Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Formation of young massive clusters from turbulent molecular clouds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 March 2017

Michiko S. Fujii  and
Simon Portegies Zwart
Michiko S. Fujii
Affiliation:
Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan email: michiko.fujii@nao.ac.jp
Simon Portegies Zwart
Affiliation:
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands email: spz@strw.leidenuniv.nl
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

We simulate the formation and evolution of young star clusters from turbulent molecular clouds using smoothed-particle hydrodynamics and direct N-body methods. We find that the shape of the cluster mass function that originates from an individual molecular cloud is consistent with a Schechter function with power-law slopes of β = −1.73. The superposition of mass functions turn out to have a power-law slope of < −2. The mass of the most massive cluster formed from a single molecular cloud with mass Mg scales with 6.1 M0.51g. The molecular clouds that tend to form massive clusters are much denser than those typical found in the Milky Way. The velocity dispersion of such molecular clouds reaches 20km s−1 and it is consistent with the relative velocity of the molecular clouds observed near NGC 3603 and Westerlund 2, for which a triggered star formation by cloud-cloud collisions is suggested.

Keywords

star clustersyoung massive clustersopen clustersnumerical simulation
Type
Contributed Papers
Information
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union , Volume 12 , Symposium S316: Formation, evolution, and survival of massive star clusters , August 2015 , pp. 25 - 30
Copyright
Copyright © International Astronomical Union 2017 

References

Bastian, N., Adamo, A., Gieles, M., Lamers, H. J. G. L. M., Larsen, S. S., Silva-Villa, E., Smith, L. J., Kotulla, R., Konstantopoulos, I. S., Trancho, G., & Zackrisson, E., 2011, MNRAS, 417, L6 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bate, M. R., 2012, MNRAS, 419, 3115 Google Scholar
Bonnell, I. A., Bate, M. R., & Vine, S. G., 2003, MNRAS, 343, 413 Google Scholar
Bonnell, I. A., Clark, P., & Bate, M. R., 2008, MNRAS, 389, 1556 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandar, R., Whitmore, B. C., Calzetti, D., Di Nino, D., Kennicutt, R. C., Regan, M., & Schinnerer, E., 2011, ApJ, 727, 88 Google Scholar
Dale, J. E., Ngoumou, J., Ercolano, B., & Bonnell, I. A., 2014, MNRAS, 442, 694 Google Scholar
Eisenstein, D. J. & Hut, P., 1998, ApJ, 498, 137 Google Scholar
Federrath, C., 2013, MNRAS, 436, 3167 Google Scholar
Federrath, C. & Klessen, R. S., 2012, ApJ, 761, 156 Google Scholar
Federrath, C. & Klessen, R. S., 2013, ApJ, 763, 51 Google Scholar
Federrath, C., Schrön, M., Banerjee, R., & Klessen, R. S., 2014, ApJ, 790, 128 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feigelson, E. D., Getman, K. V., Townsley, L. K., Broos, P. S., Povich, M. S., Garmire, G. P., King, R. R., Montmerle, T., Preibisch, T., Smith, N., Stassun, K. G., Wang, J., Wolk, S., & Zinnecker, H., 2011, ApJs, 194, 9 Google Scholar
Fujii, M., Iwasawa, M., Funato, Y., & Makino, J., 2009, ApJ, 695, 1421 Google Scholar
Fujii, M. S., 2015, PASJ, 67, 59 Google Scholar
Fujii, M. S. & Portegies Zwart, S., 2013, MNRAS, 430, 1018 Google Scholar
Fujii, M. S. & Portegies Zwart, S., 2015, MNRAS, 449, 726 Google Scholar
Fukui, Y., Ohama, A., Hanaoka, N., Furukawa, N., Torii, K., Dawson, J. R., Mizuno, N., Hasegawa, K., Fukuda, T., Soga, S., Moribe, N., Kuroda, Y., Hayakawa, T., Kawamura, A., Kuwahara, T., Yamamoto, H., Okuda, T., Onishi, T., Maezawa, H., & Mizuno, A., 2014, ApJ, 780, 36 Google Scholar
Furukawa, N., Dawson, J. R., Ohama, A., Kawamura, A., Mizuno, N., Onishi, T., & Fukui, Y., 2009, ApJl, 696, L115 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerritsen, J. P. E. & Icke, V., 1997, A&A, 325, 972 Google Scholar
Hernquist, L. & Katz, N., 1989, ApJs, 70, 419 Google Scholar
Hurley, J. R., Pols, O. R., & Tout, C. A., 2000, MNRAS, 315, 543 Google Scholar
Kirk, J. M., Gear, W. K., Fritz, J., Smith, M. W. L., Ford, G., Baes, M., Bendo, G. J., De Looze, I., Eales, S. A., Gentile, G., Gomez, H. L., Gordon, K., O'Halloran, B., Madden, S. C., Duval, J. R., Verstappen, J., Viaene, S., Boselli, A., Cooray, A., Lebouteiller, V., & Spinoglio, L., 2013, ArXiv e-printsGoogle Scholar
Krumholz, M. R., Dekel, A., & McKee, C. F., 2012, ApJ, 745, 69 Google Scholar
Lada, C. J. & Lada, E. A., 2003, AR&A, 41, 57 Google Scholar
Larson, R. B., 1969, MNRAS, 145, 271 Google Scholar
Moeckel, N. & Bate, M. R., 2010, MNRAS, 404, 721 Google Scholar
Nitadori, K. & Makino, J., 2008, New Astronomy, 13, 498 Google Scholar
Ohama, A., Dawson, J. R., Furukawa, N., Kawamura, A., Moribe, N., Yamamoto, H., Okuda, T., Mizuno, N., Onishi, T., Maezawa, H., Minamidani, T., Mizuno, A., & Fukui, Y., 2010, ApJ, 709, 975 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostriker, E. C., Stone, J. M., & Gammie, C. F., 2001, ApJ, 546, 980 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pelupessy, F. I., 2005, PhD thesis, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The NetherlandsGoogle Scholar
Pelupessy, F. I., van der Werf, P. P., & Icke, V., 2004, A&A, 422, 55 Google Scholar
Pelupessy, F. I., van Elteren, A., de Vries, N., McMillan, S. L. W., Drost, N., & Portegies Zwart, S. F., 2013, A&A, 557, A84 Google Scholar
Pflamm-Altenburg, J., Weidner, C., & Kroupa, P., 2007, ApJ, 671, 1550 Google Scholar
Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., et al., 2011, A&A, 536, A23 Google Scholar
Portegies Zwart, S. & Boekholt, T., 2014, ApJL, 785, L3 Google Scholar
Portegies Zwart, S., McMillan, S. L. W., van Elteren, E., Pelupessy, I., & de Vries, N., 2013, Computer Physics Communications, 183, 456 Google Scholar
Portegies Zwart, S. F., McMillan, S. L. W., & Gieles, M., 2010, AR&A, 48, 431 Google Scholar
Schechter, P., 1976, ApJ, 203, 297 Google Scholar