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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 January 2009
Let W be a class of not necessarily associative rings which is universal in the sense that it is closed under homomorphic images and is hereditary to subrings. All rings considered will be assumed to belong to W. The notation I ⊲ R will mean I is an ideal of R. A relation σ on W will be called an H-relation if σ satisfies the properties:
(1) I σ R implies I is a subring of R.
(2) If I σ R and ø is a homomorphism of R, then IØ σ Rø.
(3) If I σ R and J is an ideal of R, then I ∩ J σ J.