Hostname: page-component-76c49bb84f-ckhzl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-07-05T11:39:08.912Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Narration in the Key of We: The Voyage and the Grammar of Identity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2025

Abstract

This article asks what might be learned about early modern and modern cultural practices of imagining the self by examining accounts of maritime travel and exploration that (in contrast to the lyric poems, novels, and paintings so often examined by histories of modern selfhood) are narrated in the first-person plural. I use a series of best-selling eighteenth-century British narratives, focusing on the 1748 account of George Anson's voyage, to consider this kind of collective narration. I then turn to William Cowper's 1799 poem “The Castaway” as an example of a text in a genre often imagined as paradigmatically focused on the individual—the lyric—that engages with the maritime narrative tradition and uses it to explore the possibilities of a more fluid and contingent sense of the self.

Information

Type
Essay
Copyright
Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Modern Language Association of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Works Cited

Adams, Percy. Travelers and Travel Liars, 1660–1800. Dover Publications, 1980.Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Verso Books, 2006.Google Scholar
Aravamudan, Srinivas. Tropicopolitans: Colonialism and Agency, 1688–1804. Duke UP, 1999.Google Scholar
Armstrong, Nancy. How Novels Think: The Limits of Individualism from 1719–1900. Columbia UP, 2006.Google Scholar
Azim, Firdous. The Colonial Rise of the Novel. Routledge, 1993.Google Scholar
Beaglehole, John. Introduction. Voyage of the Endeavour, 1768–1771, vol. 1 of The Journals of Captain James Cook, edited by Beaglehole, Cambridge UP, 1955, pp. cxciii–cclxiv.Google Scholar
Blum, Hester. The View from the Masthead: Maritime Imagination and Antebellum American Sea Narratives. U of North Carolina P, 2008.Google Scholar
Campbell, Mary Baine. The Witness and the Other World: Exotic European Travel Writing, 400–1600. Cornell UP, 1988.Google Scholar
Campbell, Mary Baine. Wonder and Science: Imagining Worlds in Early Modern Europe. Cornell UP, 1999.Google Scholar
Carey, Daniel. “Compiling Nature's History: Travellers and Travel Narratives in the Early Royal Society.” Annals of Science, vol. 54, no. 3, 1997, pp. 269–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chow, Rey. “How (the) Inscrutable Chinese Led to Globalized Theory.” PMLA, vol. 116, no. 1, Jan. 2001, pp. 6974.Google Scholar
Cohen, Margaret. The Novel and the Sea. Princeton UP, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, James. An Account of the Voyages Undertaken by the Order of His Present Majesty for Making Discoveries in the Southern Hemisphere. Edited by Hawkesworth, John, vols. 2 and 3, London, 1773. Digital ed. by Paul Turnbull, South Seas: Voyaging and Cross-Cultural Encounters in the Pacific, 1760–1800, National Library of Australia and Centre for Cross-Cultural Research at Australian National U, 2004, nla.gov.au/nla.cs-ss-jrnl-hv23-edition.Google Scholar
Cook, James. The Voyage of the Resolution and Adventure, 1772–1775. Edited by Beaglehole, J. C., Cambridge UP, 1961. Vol. 2 of The Journals of Captain James Cook.Google Scholar
Cowper, William. The Castaway. Edited by Ryskamp, Charles, Princeton U Library, 1963.Google Scholar
Cowper, William. “The Castaway.” The Life and Posthumous Writings of William Cowper, Esq., edited by Hayley, William, vol. 2, Chichester, 1803, pp. 214–17.Google Scholar
Cowper, William. The Letters and Prose Writings of William Cowper, edited by Baird, John D. and Ryskamp, Charles, Clarendon Press, 1984. 5 vols.Google Scholar
Craciun, Adriana. “Oceanic Voyages, Maritime Books, and Eccentric Inscriptions.” Atlantic Studies, vol. 10, no. 2, 2013, pp. 170–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Craciun, Adriana. “What Is an Explorer?Eighteenth-Century Studies, vol. 45, no. 1, 2011, pp. 2951.Google Scholar
Dampier, William. A New Voyage round the World. Penguin Books, 2020.Google Scholar
Dampier, William. A New Voyage round the World. Edited by Albert Gray, A. and Black, C., 1937. Project Gutenberg Australia, May 2005, updated Oct. 2015.Google Scholar
Daston, Lorraine. “Objectivity and the Escape from Perspective.” Social Studies of Science, vol. 22, no. 4, 1992, pp. 597618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, Philip. The Story of the Voyage: Sea-Narratives in Eighteenth-Century England. Cambridge UP, 1994.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. “Of Other Spaces: Utopias and Heterotopias.” Rethinking Architecture: A Reader in Cultural Theory, edited by Neil Leach, Routledge, 1997, pp. 330–36.Google Scholar
Froude, James Anthony. “England's Forgotten Worthies.” Short Studies on Great Subjects, vol. 1, Scribner's, 1888, pp. 358405. Internet Archive, archive.org/details/shortstudiesfroude01frouuoft/page/358/mode/2up.Google Scholar
Fuller, Mary C. Experiments in Reading Richard Hakluyt's Principal Navigations. Hakluyt Society, 2017.Google Scholar
Fuller, Mary C. Lines Drawn across the Globe: Reading Richard Hakluyt's “Principal Navigations.” McGill-Queen's UP, 2023.Google Scholar
Gilroy, Paul. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Harvard UP, 1995.Google Scholar
Greene, Jody. “Captain Singleton: An Epic of Mitsein?The Eighteenth Century, vol. 52, nos. 3–4, 2011, pp. 403–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haywood, Eliza. The Female Spectator, Volumes 3 and 4. Selected Works of Eliza Haywood, vol. 3, Pickering and Chatto, 2001.Google Scholar
Henderson, Andrea K. Romantic Identities: Varieties of Subjectivity, 1774–1830. Cambridge UP, 1996.Google Scholar
Jackson, Virginia. Dickinson's Misery: A Theory of Lyric Reading. Princeton UP, 2005.Google Scholar
Kaul, Suvir. Poems of Nation, Anthems of Empire. UP of Virginia, 2000.Google Scholar
Kazanjian, David. The Colonizing Trick: National Culture and Imperial Citizenship in Early America. U of Minnesota P, 2003.Google Scholar
Kelly, James. “Bordering on Fact in Early Eighteenth-Century Sea Journals.” Recording and Reordering: Essays on the Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Diary and Journal, edited by Doll, Dan and Munns, Jessica, Bucknell UP, 2006, pp. 158–84.Google Scholar
Lamb, Jonathan. “Circumstances Surrounding the Death of John Hawkesworth.” Eighteenth-Century Life, vol. 18, no. 3, Johns Hopkins UP, 1994, pp. 97113.Google Scholar
Lamb, Jonathan. “Eye-witnessing in the South Seas.” The Eighteenth Century, vol. 38, no. 3, U of Pennsylvania P, 1997, pp. 201–12.Google Scholar
Lamb, Jonathan. Preserving the Self in the South Seas. U of Chicago P, 2001.Google Scholar
Lamb, Jonathan. Scurvy: The Disease of Discovery. Princeton UP, 2017.Google Scholar
Linebaugh, Peter, and Rediker, Marcus. The Many-Headed Hydra: The Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic. Beacon Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Lynch, Deidre. The Economy of Character: Novels, Market Culture, and the Business of Inner Meaning. U of Chicago P, 1998.Google Scholar
Marcus, Amit. “We Are You: The Plural and the Dual in ‘We’ Fictional Narratives.” Journal of Literary Semantics, vol. 37, no. 1, 2008, pp. 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margolin, Uri. “Telling in the Plural: From Grammar to Ideology.” Poetics Today, vol. 21, no. 3, fall 2000, pp. 591618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margolin, Uri. “Telling Our Story: On ‘We’ Literary Narratives.” Language and Literature, vol. 5, no. 2, 1996, pp. 115–33.Google Scholar
McKeon, Michael. The Origins of the English Novel, 1600–1740. Johns Hopkins UP, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLean, Ralph. “James Thomson and ‘Rule, Britannia.’Literature and Union: Scottish Texts, British Contexts, edited by Carruthers, Gerard and Kidd, Colin, Oxford UP, 2018, pp. 7996.Google Scholar
Mill, John Stuart. “What Is Poetry?The Monthly Repository, new series, no. 7, Jan. 1833, pp. 6070.Google Scholar
Murray, Stuart. “‘Notwithstanding Our Signs to the Contrary’: Textuality and Authority at the Endeavor River, June to August 1771.” Captain Cook: Explorations and Reassessments, edited by Williams, Glyndwr, Boydell, 2004, pp. 5976.Google Scholar
Nandrea, Lorri G. Misfit Forms: Paths Not Taken by the British Novel. Fordham UP, 2015.Google Scholar
Neill, Anna. British Discovery Literature and the Rise of Global Commerce. Palgrave, 2002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newey, Vincent. Cowper's Poetry: A Critical Study and Reassessment. Liverpool UP, 1982.Google Scholar
O'Quinn, Daniel. Entertaining Crisis in the Atlantic Imperium, 1770–1790. Johns Hopkins UP, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Sullivan, Dan. In Search of Captain Cook. I. B. Tauris, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearl, Jason. “Geography and Authority in the Royal Society's Instructions for Travelers.” Travel Narratives, the New Science, and Literary Discourse, 1569–1750, edited by Hayden, Judy A., Ashgate Press, 2012, pp. 7184.Google Scholar
Pearl, Jason. Utopian Geographies and the Early English Novel. U of Virginia P, 2014.Google Scholar
Rediker, Marcus Buford. Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea: Merchant Seamen, Pirates, and the Anglo-American Maritime World, 1700–1750. Cambridge UP, 1987.Google Scholar
Rodger, N. A. M. The Wooden World: An Anatomy of the Georgian Navy. Collins, 1986.Google Scholar
Ryskamp, Charles. Introduction. Cowper, The Castaway, pp. 114.Google Scholar
Schleck, Julia. “Forming Knowledge: Natural Philosophy and English Travel Writing.” Travel Narratives, the New Science and Literary Discourse, 1569–1750, edited by Hayden, Judy A., Ashgate Press, 2012, pp. 5370.Google Scholar
Schochet, Gordon J. “Thomas Hobbes on the Family and the State of Nature.” Political Science Quarterly, vol. 82, no. 3, 1967, pp. 427–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorensen, Janet. Strange Vernaculars: How Eighteenth-Century Slang, Cant, Provincial Languages, and Nautical Jargon Became English. Princeton UP, 2017.Google Scholar
Thell, Anne M. Minds in Motion: Imagining Empiricism in Eighteenth-Century British Travel Literature. Bucknell UP, 2017.Google Scholar
Thompson, Carl. The Suffering Traveler and the Romantic Imagination. Oxford UP, 2007.Google Scholar
Velho, Álvaro. Roteiro da primeira viagem de Vasco da Gama. Agência Geral do Ultramar, 1960.Google Scholar
Wahrman, Dror. The Making of the Modern Self: Identity and Culture in Eighteenth-Century England. Yale UP, 2006.Google Scholar
Wales, William. Journal of William Wales. Cook, Voyage, pp. 776869.Google Scholar
Walter, Richard, and Anson, George. A Voyage round the World: In the Years MDCCXL, I, II, III, IV. Edited by Williams, Glyndwr, Oxford UP, 1974.Google Scholar
Walter, Richard, and Anson, George. A Voyage round the World in the Years MDCCXL, I, II, III, IV by George Anson. London, 1748. Harvard U, Houghton Library, *75–844.Google Scholar
Walter, Richard, and Anson, George. A Voyage round the World in the Years 1740–4 by Lord Anson. Dent, 1911. Project Gutenberg, 16 Oct. 2014, gutenberg.org/files/47130/47130-h/47130-h.htm.Google Scholar
Williams, Glyndwr. Introduction. Walter and Anson [1974], pp. ixxxv.Google Scholar