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Morphological and chemical characteristics of Fritillaria species: species differentiation through morphometric measurements and GC-MS analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 January 2025

Bengisu Şentürk ,
Erdi Can Aytar Open the ORCID record for Erdi Can Aytar [Opens in a new window] ,
Alper Durmaz ,
Sinan İşler ,
İsmail Gökhan Deniz  and
Yasemin Özdener Kömpe
Bengisu Şentürk
Affiliation:
Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Türkiye
Erdi Can Aytar*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Usak University, Uşak 64200, Türkiye
Alper Durmaz
Affiliation:
Nihat Gökyigit Botanical Garden Application and Research Center, Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin 08000, Türkiye
Sinan İşler
Affiliation:
Faculty of Education, Department of Science and Mathematics, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van 65080, Türkiye
İsmail Gökhan Deniz
Affiliation:
Faculty of Education, Department of Biology Education, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07058, Türkiye
Yasemin Özdener Kömpe
Affiliation:
Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Türkiye
*
Corresponding author: Erdi Can Aytar; Email: erdi.aytar@usak.edu.tr
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Abstract

This study examines the morphological and chemical characteristics of seeds from five Fritillaria species: Fritillaria pinardii, Fritillaria pontica, Fritillaria kittaniae, Fritillaria imperialis and Fritillaria alfredae Post subsp. glaucoviridis (Turrill) Rix. Morphological measurements included total length, total width, embryo length, embryo width, seed left-wing coverage width, seed right-wing coverage width and the distance between crossing points. These measurements revealed significant differences among the species. For example, F. imperialis exhibited the longest seeds and the largest embryos, while F. alfredae Post subsp. glaucoviridis had the smallest dimensions. Chemical analyses were conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, identifying various significant compounds across the species. High proportions of 2,2-dimethoxybutane were found in the seed samples. In F. pontica, compounds such as 2,2-dimethoxybutane (66.33%) and 1,1-dipropoxypropane (13.24%) were prevalent. Fritillaria kittaniae seeds showed high levels of benzene, 1,1′-(3,3-dimethyl-1-butenylidene) bis- (25.57%) and cyclohexene, 3-methyl-6-(1-methylethylidene)- (6.89%). In F. imperialis, significant compounds included 1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol, 2-ethyl-2-methyl (9.73%) and dodecane (5.73%). Fritillaria pinardii had notable amounts of 3,6-dimethyloctane (4.81%), while F. alfredae subsp. glaucoviridis contained 2-methoxyethyl(trimethyl)silane (13.21%). Principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed clear groupings based on morphological and chemical similarities. Fritillaria pinardii, F. pontica and F. kittaniae formed a cluster due to their similar morphological and chemical characteristics, whereas F. imperialis and F. alfredae subsp. glaucoviridis formed a distinct group. These findings provide valuable insights into the identification and classification of Fritillaria species. Integrating morphological and chemical data can enhance the accurate identification of these species. This study contributes to understanding the natural diversity of Fritillaria species and has implications for ecological studies.

Keywords

FritillariaGC-MS characterizationseed morphologyspecies differentiation
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , First View , pp. 1 - 11
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of National Institute of Agricultural Botany

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