Hostname: page-component-5cf477f64f-pw477 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-04T23:10:23.894Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Diversity of Ethiopian tetraploid wheat germplasm: breeding opportunities for improving grain yield potential and quality traits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2009

Yifru Teklu  and
Karl Hammer
Yifru Teklu*
Affiliation:
Department of Agrobiodiversity, Institute of Crop Science, University of Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, 37213Witzenhausen, Germany
Karl Hammer
Affiliation:
Department of Agrobiodiversity, Institute of Crop Science, University of Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, 37213Witzenhausen, Germany
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: tyifru@yahoo.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In this paper, Shannon–Weaver diversity indices were employed to examine the phenotypic diversity in 271 Ethiopian tetraploid wheat accessions in relation to characters, regions of origin and altitude. Moreover, review of genetic diversity studies in Ethiopian tetraploid wheat was made to explore breeding opportunities. The diversity index varied widely across regions. Among the four altitudinal classes, the highest (0.72) and lowest (0.61) mean diversity indices were observed in altitude classes II and IV, respectively. The diversity index (H′) showed that most traits are polymorphic. The partitioning of the total phenotypic diversity into within- and among-region diversity indicated that 71% of the total variation was attributed to the within-region diversity. Principal component analysis was computed to examine the regional and altitudinal patterns of variation. On regional bases, the first four axes, whose eigenvalues are greater than 1, explained about 82% of the observed phenotypic diversity in the 271 tetraploid wheat accessions. On altitudinal bases, however, only the first two principal components explained 89.7% of the total variation. In general, phenotypic diversity showed considerable differences for each trait in different geographical regions and altitudinal classes which could be utilized in wheat improvement programmes. Breeding opportunities and strategies are suggested.

Keywords

breeding opportunitiesEthiopiagenetic diversitytetraploid wheats
Type
Research Article
Information
Plant Genetic Resources , Volume 7 , Issue 1 , April 2009 , pp. 1 - 8
Copyright
Copyright © NIAB 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alamerew, S, Chebotar, S, Huang, X, Roder, M and Borner, A (2004) Genetic diversity in Ethiopian hexaploid and tetraploid wheat germplasm assessed by microsatellite markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 51: 559–567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amri, A, Hatchett, JH, Cox, TS, Bouhassini, ME and Sears, RG (1990) Resistance to Hessian fly from North African durum wheat germplasm. Crop Science 30: 378–381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bechere, E, Belay, G, Mitiku, D and Merker, A (1996) Phenotypic diversity of tetraploid wheat landraces from northern and north-central regions of Ethiopia. Hereditas 124: 165–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bekele, E (1984) Analysis of regional patterns of phenotypic diversity in the Ethiopian tetraploid and hexaploid wheats. Hereditas 124: 165–172.Google Scholar
Belay, G and Merker, A (1999) C-band polymorphism and chromosomal rearrangements in tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) landraces from Ethiopia. Wheat Information Service 88: 6–14.Google Scholar
Belay, G, Tessema, T, Becker, HC and Merker, A (1993) Variation and interrelationships of agronomic traits in Ethiopian tetraploid wheat landraces. Euphytica 71: 181–188.Google Scholar
EARO(2000) National Wheat Research Strategy. Kulumsa, Ethiopia: Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization (EARO).Google Scholar
Eshetu, M (2002) Seed systems and small-scale farmers: a case study of Ethiopia and South Africa. PhD thesis, University of the Free States, South Africa.Google Scholar
Eticha, F, Bekele, E, Belay, G and Börner, A (2005) Phenotypic diversity in tetraploid wheats collected from Bale and Wello regions of Ethiopia. Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 3: 35–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FAO (1996) Global Plan of Action for the Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).Google Scholar
Forster, BP, Ellis, RP, Thomas, WTB, Newton, AC, Tuberosa, RTD, El-Enein, RA, Bahri, MH and Ben Salem, M (2000) The development and application of molecular markers for abiotic stress tolerance in barley. Journal Experimental Biology 51: 19–27.Google ScholarPubMed
Fulton, TM, Grandillo, S, Beck-Bunn, T, Fridman, E, Frampton, A, Petiard, V, Uhlig, J, Zamir, D and Tanksley, D (2000) Advanced backcross analysis of Lycopersicon esculentum × L. parviflorum cross. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 100: 1025–1042.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grenier, C, Bramel, PJ, Dahlberg, JA, El-Ahmadi, A, Mahmoud, M, Peterso, GC, Rosenow, DT and Ejeta, G (2004) Sorghums of the Sudan: analysis of regional diversity and distribution. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 51: 489–500.Google Scholar
Hailu, GM (1991) Wheat production and research in Ethiopia. In: Gebremariam, H, Tanner, DG and Huluka, M (eds) Wheat Research in Ethiopia: A Historical Perspective. Addis Ababa: IAR/CIMMYT, pp. 1–16.Google Scholar
Hailu, F, Merker, A, Singh, H, Belay, G and Johansson, E (2006) Multivariate analysis of diversity of tetraploid wheat germplasm from Ethiopia. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 53: 1089–1098.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoisington, D, Khairallah, M, Reeves, T, Ribaut, JM, Skovmand, B, Taba, S and Warburton, ML (1999) Plant genetic resources: what can they contribute toward increased crop productivity? Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences 96: 5937–5943.Google Scholar
Huang, XQ, Hsam, SLK and Zeller, FJ (1997) Chromosomal location of genes for resistance to powdery mildew in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.). 4. Gene Pm24 in Chinese landrace Chiyacao. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 95: 950–953.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jain, KS, Qualset, CO, Bhatt, GM and Wu, KK (1975) Geographical patterns of phenotypic diversity in a world collection of durum wheats. Crop Science 15: 700–704.Google Scholar
Johnson, RA and Wichern, DW (1988) Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Kent, M and Coker, P (1992) Vegetation Description and Analysis: A Practical Approach. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Kubo, K, Jitsuyama, Y, Iwama, K, Hasegawa, T and Watanabe, N (2004) Genotypic difference in root penetration ability by durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) evaluated by a pot with paraffin-Vaseline disc. Plant and Soil 262: 169–177.Google Scholar
Lakew, B, Semeane, Y, Alemayehu, F, Genre, H, Grando, S, van Leur, JAG and Ceccarelli, S (1997) Exploiting the diversity of barley landraces in Ethiopia. Genetic Resources Crop Evolution 44: 109–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Messele, T (2001) Multidisciplinary approach in estimating genetic diversity of Ethiopian tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) landraces. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Myers, N (1994) Protected areas – protected from a greater what? Biodiversity and Conservation 3: 411–418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Negassa, M (1986a) Estimates of phenotypic diversity and breeding potential of Ethiopian wheats. Hereditas 104: 41–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Negassa, M (1986b) Patterns of diversity of Ethiopian wheats (Triticum spp.) and a gene center for quality breeding. Plant Breeding 97: 147–162.Google Scholar
Nevo, E (1988) Genetic resources of wild emmer wheat revisited: genetic evolution, conservation and utilization. In: Miller, TE and Koebner, RMD (eds) Proceedings of the Seventh International Wheat Genetics Symposium, Cambridge, UK, pp. 121–126.Google Scholar
Paul, S, Wachira, FN, Powell, W and Waugh, R (1997) Diversity and genetic differentiation among populations of Indian and Kenyan tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) revealed by AFLP markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 94: 255–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pecetti, L and Damania, AB (1996) Geographical variation in tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. convar. durum) landraces from two provinces in Ethiopia. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 43: 395–407.Google Scholar
Porceddu, E, Perrino, P and Olita, G (1973) Preliminary information on an Ethiopian wheat germplasm collection mission. In: Mugnozza, GTS (ed.) Proceedings Symposium Genetics and Breeding of Durum Wheat, Bari, Italy, pp. 181–200.Google Scholar
Rao, VR and Hodgkin, T (2002) Genetic diversity and conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 6: 1–19.Google Scholar
Rohlf, FJ (1998) NTSYS-pc: Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System. Version 2.02 Exeter Software, Setauket, NY: State University of New York.Google Scholar
Shannon, CE and Weaver, W (1949) The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, pp. 117–118.Google Scholar
Skovmand, B, Reynolds, MP and Delacy, IH (2001) Mining wheat germplasm collections for yield enhancing traits. Euphytica 119: 25–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sneller, CH, Nelson, RL, Carter, TE and Cui, Z (2005) Genetic diversity in crop improvement: the soybean experience. Journal of Crop Improvement 14: 103–144.Google Scholar
Tanksley, SD and McCouch, SR (1997) Seed banks and molecular maps: unlocking genetic potential from the wild. Science 277: 1063–1066.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Teklu, Y and Hammer, K (2006) Farmers perception and genetic erosion of Ethiopian tetraploid wheat landraces. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 15: 1099–1113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Teklu, Y, Hammer, K, Huang, XQ and Röder, MS (2006a) Analysis of microsatellite diversity in Ethiopian tetraploid wheats. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 53: 1115–1126.Google Scholar
Teklu, Y, Hammer, K, Huang, XQ and Röder, MS (2006b) Regional patterns of microsatellite diversity in Ethiopian tetraploid wheat landraces. Plant Breeding 125: 125–130.Google Scholar
Tessema, T (1991) Improvement of indigenous durum wheat landraces in Ethiopia. In: Engels, JMM, Hawkes, JG and Worede, M (eds) Plant Genetic Resources of Ethiopia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 288–295.Google Scholar
Tessema, T and Bechere, E (1998) Developing elite durum wheat landrace selections (composites) for Ethiopian peasant farm use: raising productivity while keeping diversity alive. Euphytica 102: 323–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tessema, T, Becker, HC, Belay, G, Mitiku, D, Bechere, E and Tsegaye, S (1993) Performance of Ethiopian tetraploid wheat landraces at their collection sites. Euphytica 71: 221–230.Google Scholar
Tsegaye, B and Berg, T (2007) Genetic erosion of Ethiopian tetraploid wheat landraces in Eastern Shewa, Central Ethiopia. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 54: 715–726.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsegaye, S, Becker, HC and Tessema, T (1994) Isozyme variation in Ethiopian tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum) landrace genotypes of different color groups. Euphytica 75: 143–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsegaye, S, Tessema, T and Belay, G (1996) Relationships among tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) landrace populations revealed by isozyme markers and agronomic traits. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 93: 600–605.Google Scholar
Vavilov, NI (1951) The origin, variation, immunity and breeding of cultivated plants. Chronica Botanica 13: 1–36.Google Scholar
Vetelainen, M (1994) Exotic barley germplasm: variation and effects on agronomic traits in complex crosses Merja. Euphytica 79: 127–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Worede, M (1983) Crop genetic resources in Ethiopia. In: Holmes, JC and Tahir, WM (eds) More Food from Better Technology. Rome, Italy: FAO, pp. 143–147.Google Scholar