Hostname: page-component-669899f699-vbsjw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-24T20:39:27.823Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Viability of Ascaris suum eggs in stored raw and separated liquid slurry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 November 2012

KIRAN KUMAR KATAKAM ,
ALLAN ROEPSTORFF ,
OLGA POPOVIC ,
NIELS C. KYVSGAARD ,
STIG MILAN THAMSBORG  and
ANDERS DALSGAARD
KIRAN KUMAR KATAKAM
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
ALLAN ROEPSTORFF
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
OLGA POPOVIC
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
NIELS C. KYVSGAARD
Affiliation:
Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
STIG MILAN THAMSBORG
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
ANDERS DALSGAARD*
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 15, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Tel: +45 35332720. Fax: +45 35332757. E-mail: adal@sund.ku.dk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Separation of pig slurry into solid and liquid fractions is gaining importance as a way to manage increasing volumes of slurry. In contrast to solid manure and slurry, little is known about pathogen survival in separated liquid slurry. The viability of Ascaris suum eggs, a conservative indicator of fecal pollution, and its association with ammonia was investigated in separated liquid slurry in comparison with raw slurry. For this purpose nylon bags with 6000 eggs each were placed in 1 litre bottles containing one of the two fractions for 308 days at 5 °C or 25 °C. Initial analysis of helminth eggs in the separated liquid slurry revealed 47 Ascaris eggs per gramme. At 25 °C, egg viability declined to zero with a similar trend in both raw slurry and the separated liquid slurry by day 308, a time when at 5 °C 88% and 42% of the eggs were still viable in separated liquid slurry and raw slurry, respectively. The poorer survival at 25 °C was correlated with high ammonia contents in the range of 7·9–22·4 mm in raw slurry and 7·3–23·2 mm in liquid slurry compared to 3·2–9·5 mm in raw slurry and 2·6–9·5 mm in liquid slurry stored at 5 °C. The study demonstrates that at 5 °C, A. suum eggs have a higher viability in separated liquid slurry as compared to raw slurry. The hygiene aspect of this needs to be further investigated when separated liquid slurry is used to fertilize pastures or crops.

Keywords

raw slurryseparated liquid slurryviabilityAscaris suum eggstemperatureammonia
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 140 , Issue 3 , March 2013 , pp. 378 - 384
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Ajariyakhajorn, C., Goyal, S., Robinson, R., Johnston, L. and Clanton, C. (1997). The survival of Salmonella anatum, pseudorabies virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in swine slurry. The New Microbiologica 20, 365–369.Google ScholarPubMed
Araújo, J. V., Braga, F. R., Milani, J. A., Silva, A. S. and Tavela, A. O. (2008). In vitro evaluation of the effect of the nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium sinense and Pochonia chlamydosporia on Ascaris suum eggs. Parasitology Research 102, 787–790.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barrett, J. (1976). Studies on the induction of permeability in Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. Parasitology 73, 109–121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, R., Carrington, E. G., Aitken, M. N., Fenlon, D. R. and Svoboda, I. (1999). A User's Guide to Research on Application of Organic Wastes to Land. Report number 11523–0, 1–129. Scotland and Northern Ireland Forum for Environmental Research, Marlow, UK.Google Scholar
Eriksen, L., Andreasen, P. and Ilsoe, B. (1996). Inactivation of Ascaris suum eggs during storage in lime treated sewage sludge. Water Research 30, 1026–1029.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fairbairn, D. (1957). The biochemistry of Ascaris. Experimental Parasitology 6, 491–554.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fairbairn, D. (1961). The in vitro hatching of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs. Canadian Journal of Zoology 39, 153–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fangueiro, D., Senbayran, M., Trindade, H. and Chadwick, D. (2008). Cattle slurry treatment by screw press separation and chemically enhanced settling: Effect on greenhouse gas emissions after land spreading and grass yield. Bioresource Technology 99, 7132–7142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaasenbeek, C. and Borgsteede, F. (1998). Studies on the survival of Ascaris suum eggs under laboratory and simulated field conditions. Veterinary Parasitology 75, 227–234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gantzer, C., Gaspard, P., Galvez, L., Huyard, A., Dumouthier, N. and Schwartzbrod, J. (2001). Monitoring of bacterial and parasitological contamination during various treatment of sludge. Water Research 35, 3763–3770.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ghiglietti, R., Genchi, C., Di Matteo, L., Calcaterra, E. and Colombi, A. (1997). Survival of Ascaris suum eggs in ammonia-treated wastewater sludges. Bioresource Technology 59, 195–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, Q., Eriksen, L., Boes, J. and Nansen, P. (2000). Effects of bile on the in vitro hatching, exsheathment, and migration of Ascaris suum larvae. Parasitology Research 86, 630–633.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Himathongkham, S. and Riemann, H. (1999). Destruction of Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in chicken manure by drying and/or gassing with ammonia. FEMS Microbiology Letters 171, 179–182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hjorth, M., Christensen, K. V., Christensen, M. L. and Sommer, S. G. (2010). Solid—liquid separation of animal slurry in theory and practice. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 30, 153–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutchison, M., Walters, L., Moore, A. and Avery, S. (2005). Declines of zoonotic agents in liquid livestock wastes stored in batches on-farm. Journal of Applied Microbiology 99, 58–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jorgensen, K. and Jensen, L. S. (2009). Chemical and biochemical variation in animal manure solids separated using different commercial separation technologies. Bioresource Technology, 100, 3088–3096.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelly, W. R. (1978). Animal and Human Health Hazards Associated with the Utilization of Animal Effluents. EUR 6009 EN. Commission of the European Communities, Brussels, Belgium.Google Scholar
Larsen, M. N. and Roepstorff, A. (1999). Seasonal variation in development and survival of Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis eggs on pastures. Parasitology 119, 209–220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lýsek, H. and Krajcí, D. (1987). Penetration of ovicidal fungus Verticillium chlamydosporium through the Ascaris lumbricoides egg-shells. Folia Parasitologica 34, 57–60.Google ScholarPubMed
Membré, J., Thurette, J. and Catteau, M. (1997). Modelling the growth, survival and death of Listeria monocytogenes. Journal of Applied Microbiology 82, 345–350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Møller, H. B., Hansen, J. D. and Sorensen, C. A. G. (2007). Nutrient recovery by solid-liquid separation and methane productivity of solids. Transactions of the ASABE 50, 193–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Møller, H. B., Lund, I. and Sommer, S. G. (2000). Solid–liquid separation of livestock slurry: efficiency and cost. Bioresource Technology 74, 223–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mun, S., Lee, Y. and Yoon, J. (2011). Ovicidal activities of superficial CO2 and N2O on Ascaris suum eggs. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 18, 504–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholson, F. A., Groves, S. J. and Chambers, B. J. (2005). Pathogen survival during livestock manure storage and following land application. Bioresource Technology 96, 135–143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nilsson, O. (1982). Ascariasis in the pig. An epizootiological and clinical study. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 79 (Suppl.) S1–S108.Google ScholarPubMed
Nordin, A., Nyberg, K. and Vinnerås, B. (2009). Inactivation of Ascaris eggs in source-separated urine and feces by ammonia at ambient temperatures. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, 662–667.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Lorcain, P. and Holland, C. (2000). The public health importance of Ascaris lumbricoides. Parasitology 121, 51–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Papajova, I., Juris, P., Sasakova, N. and Vargova, M. (2005). Survival of non-embryonated Ascaris suum eggs during long-term storage of raw and anaerobically stabilised pig slurry. Agriculture 51, 315–322.Google Scholar
Pecson, B. M., Barrios, J. A., Jiménez, B. E. and Nelson, K. L. (2007). The effects of temperature, pH, and ammonia concentration on the inactivation of Ascaris eggs in sewage sludge. Water Research 41, 2893–2902.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pell, A. N. (1997). Manure and microbes: public and animal health problem? Journal of Dairy Science 80, 2673–2681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peters, K. and Jensen, L. S. (2011). Biochemical characteristics of solid fractions from animal slurry separation and their effects on C and N mineralisation in soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 47, 447–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popovic, M. O., Hjorth, M. and Jensen, L. S. (2012). Phosphorus, copper and zinc in solid and liquid fractions from full scale and laboratory separated pig slurry. Environmental Technology doi: 10.1080/09593330.2012.660649.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poulsen, H. D. and Kristensen, V. F. (1998). Standard Values for Farm Manure: A Revaluation of the Danish Standard Values Concerning the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Content of Manure. DIAS Report, No. 7. Ministeriet for Fødevarer, Landbrug og Fiskeri, Danmarks JordbrugsForskning, Forskningscenter Foulum.Google Scholar
Reinoso, R. and Bécares, E. (2008). Environmental inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in waste stabilization ponds. Microbial Ecology 56, 585–592.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roberts, F. H. S. (1934). The large round worm of pigs, Ascaris lumbricoides L., 1758. It's life history in Queensland, economic importance and control. Bulletin of the Animal Health Station, Yeerongpilly, Queensland 1, 1–81.Google Scholar
Roepstorff, A. and Murrell, K. (1997). Transmission dynamics of helminth parasites of pigs on continuous pasture: Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis. International Journal for Parasitology 27, 563–572.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seamster, A. P. (1950). Developmental studies concerning the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides var. suum. American Midland Naturalist 43, 450–470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevenson, P. (1979). The influence of environmental temperature on the rate of development of Ascaris suum eggs in Great Britain. Research in Veterinary Science 27, 193–196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vera, M., Daudén, A. and Quílez, D. (2004). Pig slurry application and irrigation effects on nitrate leaching in Mediterranean soil lysimeters. Journal of Environmental Quality 33, 2290–2295.Google Scholar
Walker, P. and Kelley, T. (2003). Solids, organic load and nutrient concentration reductions in swine waste slurry using a polyacrylamide (PAM)-aided solids flocculation treatment. Bioresource Technology 90, 151–158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walton, J. R. and White, E. (1981). Communicable Diseases Resulting from Storage, Handling, Transport and Landspreading of Manures. Commission of the European Communities, Office of Publications of the European Community, Luxembourg.Google Scholar
Watabe, M., Rao, J., Stewart, T., Xu, J., Millar, B., Xiao, L., Lowery, C., Dooley, J. and Moore, J. (2003). Prevalence of bacterial faecal pathogens in separated and unseparated stored pig slurry. Letters in Applied Microbiology 36, 208–212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (2006). Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater Volume 2. Wastewater Use in Agriculture. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Ziemer, C., Bonner, J., Cole, D., Vinjé, J., Constantini, V., Goyal, S., Gramer, M., Mackie, R., Meng, X. and Myers, G. (2010). Fate and transport of zoonotic, bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens during swine manure treatment, storage, and land application. Journal of Animal Science 88, E84–E94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed