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Tick–host interactions: saliva-activated transmission

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 April 2005

P. A. NUTTALL  and
M. LABUDA
P. A. NUTTALL
Affiliation:
Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Mansfield Rd., Oxford, OX1 3SR, UK
M. LABUDA
Affiliation:
Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Abstract

The skin site at which ticks attach to their hosts to feed is the critical interface between the tick and its host, and tick-borne pathogens. This site is highly modified by the pharmacologically active molecules secreted in tick saliva. For pathogens, it is an ecologically privileged niche that many exploit. Such exploitation is referred to as saliva-activated transmission (SAT) – the indirect promotion of tick-borne pathogen transmission via the actions of bioactive tick saliva molecules on the vertebrate host. Here we review evidence for SAT and consider what are the most likely candidates for SAT factors among the tick pharmacopoeia of anti-haemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory molecules identified to date. SAT factors appear to differ for different pathogens and tick vector species, and possibly even depend on the vertebrate host species. Most likely we are searching for a suite of molecules that act together to overcome the redundancy in host response mechanisms. Whatever they turn out to be, the quest to identify the tick molecules that mediate SAT is an exciting one, and offers new insights to controlling ticks and tick-borne diseases.

Keywords

Saliva-activated transmissiontick salivapathogen transmission

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Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 129 , Issue S1 , October 2004 , pp. S177 - S189
Copyright
© 2004 Cambridge University Press

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