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In vitro efficacy of anthelmintics on Angiostrongylus cantonensis L3 larvae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2020

John Jacob ,
Ghee Tan ,
Ingo Lange ,
Hiwa Saeed ,
Abhijit Date Open the ORCID record for Abhijit Date [Opens in a new window]  and
Susan Jarvi Open the ORCID record for Susan Jarvi [Opens in a new window]
John Jacob
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, The University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720, USA
Ghee Tan
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, The University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720, USA
Ingo Lange
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, The University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720, USA
Hiwa Saeed
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, The University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720, USA
Abhijit Date
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, The University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720, USA
Susan Jarvi*
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, The University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Susan Jarvi, E-mail: jarvi@hawaii.edu
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Abstract

Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the leading cause of eosinophilic meningitis worldwide, with life-threatening complications if not managed correctly. Previous in vitro studies have utilized change in motility patterns of adult female worms to assess the efficacy of anthelmintics qualitatively. However, it is the third stage larvae (L3) that are infectious to humans. With differential staining using propidium iodide penetration as the indicator of death, we can distinguish between dead and live larvae. This assay has enabled us to quantify the in vitro efficacy of nine clinically established anthelmintics on A. cantonensis L3. All drugs were tested at a 1 mm concentration. Piperazine and niclosamide were ineffective in inducing larval death; however, albendazole sulfoxide, pyrantel pamoate, diethylcarbamazine, levamisole and praziquantel were effective as compared to unexposed controls (P < 0.05). Ivermectin and moxidectin did not induce significant levels of mortality, but they considerably reduced larval motility almost immediately. This study indicates the need for further in vivo studies to determine the optimal dose and time frame for post-infection treatment with anthelmintics that demonstrated efficacy.

Keywords

Angiostrongylus cantonensisanthelmintic efficacymoxidectinpropidium iodidepyrantel pamoaterat lungworm

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Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 148 , Special Issue 2: 6th International Workshop on Angiostrongylus and Angiostrongyliasis, Hilo, Hawai'i, USA, January, 2020 , February 2021 , pp. 240 - 250
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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