In an attempt to clarify the taxonomic status, geographical distribution and host relationships of Laboulbenia pterostichi and its close allies, especially in relation to the parasites found on European Pterostichini (Coleoptera, Carabidae), we have examined the type series and a wide range of material from the northern hemisphere. We conclude that the presence of L. pterostichi on European Carabidae is not confirmed and that most records are based on misidentifications of the variable species L. pseudomasei.