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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 February 2011
The role of x-ray diffraction in characterising defects in crystals is reviewed briefly. It is most sensitive to the presence of plane defects which destroy the long-range order. The same argument is shown to apply to line defects in surface structures. Two recent glancing incidence x-ray diffraction experiments provide contrasting examples: randomly distributed steps are found in the Au(110) reconstructed surface, while regular arrays of domain walls modify certain phases of krypton monolayers physisorbed on graphite substrates.