Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 February 2011
For thermal donor and oxygen precipitation studies in Cz silicon wafers, extended 450°C thermal annealing (e.g., anneal at 450°C for 64 h) has frequently been used. But, our recent studies have shown that this kind of extended low temperature anealing leads to a low thermal donor (LTD) layer up to ∼ 8 um from the surface in the case of 450°C/64 h thermal annealing. In this study, effects of annealing ambients, protective layers, surface conditions, and bulk oxygen contents upon the LTD layer are discussed. Our data indicate that the LTD layer is a product of both surface- and bulk-related phenomena.