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Enhancing the photocatalytic degradation of selected chlorophenols using Ag/zno nanocomposites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2018

Kate Kotlhao ,
Fanyana M. Mtunzi ,
Vusumzi Pakade ,
Neelan Laloo ,
Ikechukwu P. Ejidike ,
Sekomeng J. Modise ,
Richard. M. Moutloali  and
Michael J. Klink
Kate Kotlhao
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Andries Potgieter Boulevard, Vanderbijlpark, 1911, South Africa
Fanyana M. Mtunzi
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Andries Potgieter Boulevard, Vanderbijlpark, 1911, South Africa
Vusumzi Pakade
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Andries Potgieter Boulevard, Vanderbijlpark, 1911, South Africa
Neelan Laloo
Affiliation:
Department of Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Andries Potgieter Boulevard, Vanderbijlpark, 1911, South Africa
Ikechukwu P. Ejidike
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Andries Potgieter Boulevard, Vanderbijlpark, 1911, South Africa
Sekomeng J. Modise
Affiliation:
Institute of Chemical and Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Andries Potgieter Boulevard, Vanderbijlpark, 1911, South Africa
Richard. M. Moutloali
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg2028, South Africa
Michael J. Klink*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, Vaal University of Technology, Andries Potgieter Boulevard, Vanderbijlpark, 1911, South Africa Department of Biotechnology, Vaal University of Technology, Andries Potgieter Boulevard, Vanderbijlpark, 1911, South Africa
*
*(Email: michaelk1@vut.ac.za)
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Abstract

Chlorophenols are among the priority listed water contaminants due to their estrogenic, mutagenic or carcinogenic health effects. The Ag/ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized, characterized and tested for photacatalytic degradation of chlorophenols in water. The synthesis was done using zinc nitrate hexahydrate (ZnNO3. 6H2O) precursor and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Silver nitrate (AgNO3) was added to ZnO and reduced with sodium brohydride to produce the silver nanoparticles (NPs) within the ZnO structure. The silver content was varied from 1, 3 and 5wt% for optimisation. The nanocomposites were characterised using ultraviolet - visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), photolumniscence (PL), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The nanocomposites were tested for their photocatalytic properties on 2- chlorophenol (CP), 2- chlorophenol (CP) and 2,4- dichlorophenol (DCP) in water. The UV-Vis results showed that, as the amount of silver was increased a gradual slight red shift was observed. The XRD patterns for Ag/ZnO exhibited peaks that were characteristic of the hexagonal wurzite structure and peaks characteristic for Ag appeared at 38.24o, 44.37o, 64.67o and 77.58o corresponding to (111), (200), (220) and (311) reflection planes. STEM results showed the presence of Ag in ZnO with ZnO appearing as rods shapes. The EDX elemental analysis confirmed the presence of Ag in the Ag/ZnO nanocomposites with no contaminants peaks. On testing the nanocomposites for phohotocatalytic degradation of chlorophenols, addition of Ag to ZnO improved degradation of the chlorophenols compared to the pristine ZnO.

Keywords

scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)x-ray diffraction (XRD)

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Type
Articles
Information
MRS Advances , Volume 3 , Issue 36: African Materials Research Society 2017 , 2018 , pp. 2129 - 2136
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2018 

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