Hostname: page-component-7f64f4797f-9h5t2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-11-04T05:09:42.663Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Growth ordering and anomalous birefringence in ugrandite garnets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

A. G. Shtukenberg ,
D. Yu. Popov  and
Yu. O. Punin
A. G. Shtukenberg*
Affiliation:
Crystallography Department, Geological Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
D. Yu. Popov
Affiliation:
Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Pr-t-100-letiya, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
Yu. O. Punin
Affiliation:
Crystallography Department, Geological Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
*
*E-mail: sasha@as3607.spb.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Intermediate members of the grossular–andradite and grossular–uvarovite series are known to display anomalous birefringence, which is inconsistent with the ideal cubic space group of garnet Iad. To determine the reason for such birefringence, the crystal structures of at least 15 samples were refined by different authors including the present ones. The crystals with the value of anomalous birefringence of Δn > 0.001 are normally characterized by partial ordering of the octahedral cations (Al/Fe and Al/Cr for grossular–andradite and grossular–uvarovite series, respectively). This reduces the symmetry to the orthorhombic space group Fddd or even to the triclinic space group I. As is seen from the distribution of occupancies over octahedral sites in the triclinic space group, eight occupancies are grouped into two quartets of similar occupancies, leading to pseudo-orthorhombic crystal structures. The variety of structures with different degrees of pseudo-orthorhombicity is due to the action of the growth dissymmetrization mechanism. Simulations of the optical indicatrix in the point-dipole approximation confirm cation ordering as the main cause of the anomalous birefringence.

Keywords

growth orderinganomalous birefringenceugranditegarnet

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 69 , Issue 4 , August 2005 , pp. 537 - 550
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Abbott, R.N. Jr (1993) Calculation of the orientation of the optical indicatrix in monoclinic and triclinic crystals: The point-dipole model. American Mineralogist, 78, 952–956.Google Scholar
Abbott, R.N. Jr (1994) Electronic polarizability of oxygen and various cations in selected triclinic minerals: point-dipole theory. The Canadian Mineralogist, 32, 909–918.Google Scholar
Abbott, R.N. Jr (1996) Optical properties of C2/c pyroxenes: a point-dipole explanation. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 595–603.Google Scholar
Akizuki, M. (1984) Origin of optical variation in grossular-andradite garnet. American Mineralogist, 69, 328–338.Google Scholar
Allen, F.M. and Buseck, P.R. (1988) XRD, FTIR and TEM studies of optically anisotropic grossular garnets. American Mineralogist, 73, 568–584.Google Scholar
Andrut, M. and Wildner, M. (2001) The crystal chemistry of birefringent natural uvarovites: Part I. Optical investigations and UV-VIS-IR absorption spectroscopy. American Mineralogist,. 86, 1219–1230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armbruster, T., Geiger, C.A. and Lager, G.A. (1992) Single-crystal X-ray structure study of synthetic pyrope almandine garnets at 100 and 293K. American Mineralogist, 77, 512—521.Google Scholar
Azimov, P. Ya. (2000) Formation of the growth zoning in metamorphic garnets crystals (effects of P-T conditions and fluid regime). PhD thesis, St- Petersburg (in Russian).Google Scholar
Azimov, P. and Shtukenberg, A. (2003) Numerical modelling of growth zoning at nonstationary crystallization of solid solutions — Metamorphic garnets. Mathematical Geology, 35, 405–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basso, R., Cimmino, F. and Messiga, B. (1984) Crystal chemical and petrological study of hydrogarnets from a Fe-gabbro metarodingite. Neues Jahrbuchfür Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 150, 247–258.Google Scholar
Batsanov, S.S. (1976) Structural Refractometry. Visshaya shkola, Moscow (in Russian).Google Scholar
Bragg, W.L. (1924) The refractive indices of calcite and aragonite. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, Series A, 105, 370–386.Google Scholar
Brauns, R. (1891) Die optischen Anomalien der Kristalle. Preisschr. Jablonowski Ges., Leipzig, Germany, 370 pp.Google Scholar
Bulka, G.R., Vinokurov, V.M., Nizamutdinow, N.M. and Hasanova, N.M. (1980) Dissymmetrization of crystals: theory and experiment. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 6, 283–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chernov, A.A. (1984) Modern Crystallography III. Crystal Growth. Springer, Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleischer, M., Wilcox, R.E. and, Matzko, J.J. (1984) Microscopic Determination of the Non-opaque minerals. US Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Frank-Kamenetskaya, O.V. and Rozhdestvenskaya, I.V. (2004) Atomic Defects and Crystal Structures of Minerals. Yanus, Saint-Petersburg.Google Scholar
Frank-Kamenetskaya, O.V., Rozhdestvenskaya, I.V., Bannova, I.I., Kostitsyna, A.V., Kaminskaya, T.N. and Gordienko, V.V. (1995) Dissymmetrization of crystal structures of sodium pollucites. Crystallography Reports, 40, 645—654.Google Scholar
Gali, S. (1983) Grandite garnet structures in connection with the growth mechanism. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 163, 43–52.Google Scholar
Gavrieli, J., Matthews, A., Bar-Matthews, M. and Szafranek, D. (1992) Hydrothermal breakdown reactions of grossular and pyrope garnets in MgCl2 and CaCl2 solutions at 2 kbar and 550 and 750°C. European Journal of Mineralogy, 4, 793—811.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffen, D.T., Hatch, D.M., Phillips, W.R. and Kulaksiz, S. (1992) Crystal chemistry and symmetry of a birefrigent tetragonal pyralspite57-grandite25 garnets. American Mineralogist, 77, 399—406.Google Scholar
Hatch, D.M. and Griffen, D.T. (1989) Phase transition in the grandite garnets. American Mineralogist, 74, 151–159.Google Scholar
Kingma, KJ. and Downs, J.W. (1989) Crystal-structure of a birefringent andradite. American Mineralogist, 74, 1307–1316.Google Scholar
Kuznetsov, V.A. (1968) The crystallization kinetics of corundum, quartz and zincite. Pp. 77—89 in: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Crystals (Lobachev, A.N., editor). Nauka, Moscow (in Russian).Google Scholar
Lager, G.A., Armbruster, Th. and Pohl, D. (1987) Prediction of refractive indices in minerals from crystallographic data: applications and limitations of the point-dipole model. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 14, 177–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landau, L.D. and Lifshitz, E.M. (1980) Statistical Physics, Part 1. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Lasaga, A. (1981) Rate laws of chemical reactions. Pp. 1 —68 in: Kinetics of Geochemical Processes (Lasaga, A.C. and Kirkpatrick, R.J., editors). Reviews in Mineralogy, 8, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, D.C.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lasaga, A.C. and Cygan, R.T. (1982) Electronic polarizabilities of silicate minerals. American Mineralogist, 67, 328–334.Google Scholar
Mazzi, F. and Galli, E. (1978) Is each analcime different? American Mineralogist, 63, 448–460.Google Scholar
McAloon, B.P. and Hofmeister, A.M. (1995) Single-crystal IR spectroscopy of grossular-andradite garnets. American Mineralogist, 80, 1145—1156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morozov, M.V., Shtukenberg, A.G., Ugolkov, V.L., Musso, M., Asenbaum, A. and Amthauer, G. (2003) The dehydration kinetics of the grandite garnets with anomalous birefringence. Book of abstracts of the Jubilee Fedorov Session, St. Petersburg, 57—58.Google Scholar
Novak, G.A. and Gibbs, G.V. (1971) The crystal chemistry of the silicate garnets. American Mineralogist, 56, 791–825.Google Scholar
Pohl, D. (1978) Electronic polarizabilities of ions in doubly refracting crystals. Acta Crystallographica, A34, 574–578.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popov, D. (2002) Optical properties of oxides and fluorides with a rutile-type structure in terms of the point-dipole model. Crystallography Reports, 47, 829–831.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rossmanith, E. and Armbruster, Th. (1995) The intensity of forbidden reflections of pyrope: Umweganregung or symmetry reduction? Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 210, 645–649.Google Scholar
Schwandt, C.S., Cygan, R.T. and Westrich, H.R. (1995) Mg self-diffusion in pyrope garnet. American Mineralogist, 80, 438–490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwandt, C.S., Cygan, R.T. and Westrich, H.R. (1996) Ca self-diffusion in grossular garnet. American Mineralogist, 81, 448–451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shannon, R.D. (1976) Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallographica, A32, 751–767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shtukenberg, A.G. and Punin, Yu.O. (1996) Optical anomalies in crystals. Zapiski Vserossiiskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva, 125, 104—120.(in Russian).Google Scholar
Shtukenberg, A.G. and Punin, Yu.O. (2004) Optical Anomalies in Crystals. Nauka, St.Petersburg (in Russian).Google Scholar
Shtukenberg, A.G., Punin, Yu.O. and Kovalev, O.G. (1998) Temperature behavior of optical anomalies in alum crystals. Crystallography Reports, 43, 465–468.Google Scholar
Shtukenberg, A.G., Punin, Yu.O. and Soloviev, V.N. (2000) Effect of growth conditions on the birefringence of mixed crystals revealed in alum solid solutions. Mineralogical Magazine, 64, 837–845.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shtukenberg, A.G., Punin, Yu.O., Frank-Kamenetskaya, O.V., Kovalev, O.G. and Sokolov, P.B. (2001) On the origin of anomalous birefringence in grandite garnets. Mineralogical Magazine, 65, 463—477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shtukenberg, A.G., Popov, D.Yu. and Punin, Yu.O. (2002) An application of the point-dipole model to the problem of optical anomalies in grandite garnets. Mineralogical Magazine, 66, 275—86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shtukenberg, A.G., Frank-Kamenetskaya, O.V., Rozhdestvenskaya, I.V. and Punin, Yu.O. (2003) Growth ordering of atoms and crystal structure of inorganic solid solutions. Book of abstracts of the XV international conference: X-ray diffraction and crystal chemistry of minerals. St-Petersburg, September, 2003, pp. 69–71.Google Scholar
Smyth, J.R., Madel, R.E., McCormick, T.C., Munoz, J.L. and Rossman, G.R. (1990) Crystal structure refinement of a F-bearing spessartine garnet. American Mineralogist, 75, 314—318.Google Scholar
Takéuchi, Y., Haga, N., Umizu, S. and Sato, G. (1982) The derivative structure of silicate garnets in grandite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 158, 53–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treivus, E.B. (1979) The Growth and Dissolution Kinetics of Crystals. LGU Press, Leningrad (in Russian).Google Scholar
Tsinober, L.I. and Samoilovich, M.N. (1975) Distribution of structure defects and anomalous optical symmetry in quartz crystals. Pp. 207—218 in: Problems of Modern Crystallography (Wainshtein, B.K. and Chernov, A.A., editors). Nauka, Moscow (in Russian).Google Scholar
Tsinober, L.I., Samoilovich, M.N., Demina, T.V. and Bobr-Sergeev, A.A. (1977) The influence of symmetry of the faces on the structural ordering of aluminium in cordiereite crystals. Soviet Physics Crystallography, 22, 354–358.Google Scholar
Walther, J.V. and Wood, B.J. (1986) Mineral-fluid reaction rates. Pp. 194–211 in: Fluid-Rock Interactions during Metamorphism (Walther, J.V. and Wood, B.J., editors). Advances in Physical Geochemistry, 5, Springer Verlag, Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wildner, M. and Andrut, M. (2001) The crystal chemistry of birefringent natural uvarovites: Part II. Single-crystal X-ray structures. American Mineralogist, 86, 1231–1251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, B.J. and Walther, J.V. (1983) Rates of hydrothermal reactions. Science, 222, 413—415.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed