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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 June 2025
For every positive integer d, we show that there must exist an absolute constant $c \gt 0$ such that the following holds: for any integer
$n \geqslant cd^{7}$ and any red-blue colouring of the one-dimensional subspaces of
$\mathbb{F}_{2}^{n}$, there must exist either a d-dimensional subspace for which all of its one-dimensional subspaces get coloured red or a 2-dimensional subspace for which all of its one-dimensional subspaces get coloured blue. This answers recent questions of Nelson and Nomoto, and confirms that for any even plane binary matroid N, the class of N-free, claw-free binary matroids is polynomially
$\chi$-bounded.
Our argument will proceed via a reduction to a well-studied additive combinatorics problem, originally posed by Green: given a set $A \subset \mathbb{F}_{2}^{n}$ with density
$\alpha \in [0,1]$, what is the largest subspace that we can find in
$A+A$? Our main contribution to the story is a new result for this problem in the regime where
$1/\alpha$ is large with respect to n, which utilises ideas from the recent breakthrough paper of Kelley and Meka on sets of integers without three-term arithmetic progressions.