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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 August 2016
A normal n × n magic square consists of the numbers 1, 2, … , n 2 arranged in a square so that the sum of each column, row and the two diagonals is  In an odd order normal magic square , the central number is
 In an odd order normal magic square , the central number is  This article concerns bordered magic squares of odd order, which are squares that remain magic when each outer row and column is peeled off.
 This article concerns bordered magic squares of odd order, which are squares that remain magic when each outer row and column is peeled off.