Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 January 2017
The present paper describes obsidian sources and compositional analysis performed on obsidian recovered from natural flows in the upper Maule River basin (central Chile). We compare the composition of this obsidian with that of obsidian artifacts recovered from selected archaeological sites both in the middle and lower valley of the Maule River and in the Argentinian provinces of Mendoza and Neuquén. The results indicate that the collected obsidian samples can be separated into six major groups. Most of the obsidian artifacts are assignable to a particular source area, but there still remain some unknown sources. We conclude that the Laguna del Maule source area was exploited from at least 50 A.D. onward and that the material was distributed to sites located more than 200 km from the source.
En el presente trabajo se describen las fuentes de obsidiana y los resultados del análisis composicional de obsidianas recuperadas de varias coladas naturales ubicadas en la cuenca alta del río Maule (Chile central). Se compara la composición de éstas obsidianas con aquella de artefactos de obsidiana recuperados de varios sitios seleccionados, tanto en la cuenca media y baja del río Maule como en el lado argentino, en las provincias de Mendoza y Neuquén. Los resultados indican que las obsidianas colectadas pueden agruparse en seis tipos distintos. La mayor parte de los artefactos de obsidiana pueden asignarse a una de las fuentes muestreadas. Sin embargo, hay varias fuentes cuya ubicación aún es desconocida. Concluimos que las canteras de obsidiana de la zona de la Laguna del Maule fueron explotadas desde al menos los comienzos de nuestra era, y trasladadas a sitios a más de 200 km de distancia.
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